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1、中考英语同位语从句知识点同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明。一、用法一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。1.名词作同位语例:Mr Wang, my childs teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生,我孩子的老师,星期二要来看我们my childs teacher做同位语修饰Mr Wang2.短语作同位语例:I, th
2、e oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我,作为家里最年长的女孩,总是要照料家中的其他孩子。the oldest girl in the family做同位语修饰I3.直接引语作同位语例:But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题:“多莉早逝是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”4.句子作同位语例:The girls were surprised
3、 at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.远洋轮船可以航行到五大湖,这件事使姑娘们感到惊讶。the fact that后跟内容解释fact这个事实二、固定用法同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较固定。1.通常跟在某些名词后面在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。例:I heard the news that our team had won我听到了我们队获胜的消息。2.可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,questi
4、on,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility,decision等(一般的“抽象”名词都可用)。例:Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。3.引导同位语从句的词通常有:连词that,whether;连接代词:what,who;连接副词:how,when,where等。注:if不能引导同位语从句。例:He must answer the q
5、uestion whetherhe agrees with it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。4.跟在某些名词后面有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。例:The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city他突然想起敌人可能已经逃出城了。三、引导词1.that引导that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句。that不能省略,没有具体的意思,不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。注:引导同位语从句的that不能省略例:The ideathatyou can do this work wel
6、l without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。(作idea的同位语)【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。例:There was a suggestionthat Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。例:He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impress
7、ion he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2.whether引导(if不能引导)例:The questionwhetherwe should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。3.连接代词what,who.引导例1:I have no ideawhat size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。(what作定语)例2:
8、The questionwho will take his place is still not clear. 谁将接替他的位置仍不清楚。(who作主语)4.连接副词when,where.引导例:We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别1.意义的不同 同位语从句:是用来进一步解释或补充说明前面的名词,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号; 定语从句:是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西
9、区别开来。例1:We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。news的具体内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句例2:We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。that从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句2.引导词的不同what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句3.引导词的功能上的不同 that
10、引导同位语从句时:它不充当句子成分 that引导定语从句时:它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。4.被修饰词语的区别 同位语从句:所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等, 定语从句:所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 when和where 引导定语从句时:通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词;而它们引导同位语从句时则不一定 why引导定语从句:它通常只修饰名词the reason;而它们引导
11、同位语从句时则不一定。例1:I have no idea when they will come.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)例2:Ill never forget the days when I lived there.我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)例3:We dont understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我们不明白这个问题,为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句)例4:The reason why he didnt come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能来开会,原因是他生病了。(定语从句)3