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1、Result-sectionResult-sectionnThe result section presents:1.The major generalizations of the data2.The data supporting the generalizationsnThe supporting data must be presented fully enough that the reader can evaluate the strength.9/2/20242Commentary in results sectionnThompson (2010) studied the re
2、sults section from 20 published papers.nAuthors should be aware of their audience. n“Why to use this method rather than one? Isnt this result strange?”9/2/202439/2/20244Highlight the resultsnAccess standard theory, common beliefs, or general practice in the light of the given data.nCompare and evalu
3、ate different data sets.nAccess the reliability of the data9/2/20245nDiscuss the implications of the dataStructure of data commentarynSummary statementsnHighlighting statementsnDiscussions of implications, problems, exceptions etc.9/2/20246nLocation elements and summariesTable 1 showsTable 5 provide
4、sFigure 4.2 givesa. The common modes of infection are shown in table 1.9/2/20247b. Details of the fertilizers used are provided in table 5.c. The results of the second experiment are given in figure 4.2.9/2/20248Language focus1.Verbs in indicative and informative summaries-Table 1 shows the most com
5、mon modes of infection (indicative)-Table 1 shows that the most common source of infection is external sources (informative)9/2/20249nSome verbs can be used with only one type of summary statement.nProvide, for example, can only be used in an indicative summary.Table 1 provides infection-source perc
6、entages and NOTTable 1 provides that the most common source of9/2/2024102. Linking as clauses - As shown in table 1, home disks are the most frequent source of infection.-As can be seen in figure 8, infant mortality is still high in urban areas.- As revealed by the graph, the defect rate has decline
7、d.9/2/202411a.As it has been proved, the theory may have practical importance.b.As has been proved, the theory may have practical importance.nUsing prepositions with the linking statement is significant.9/2/202412in- As shown in table 3, from- As can be seen from the data in table 1 by- As shown by
8、the data in table 1, On- As described on page 24,9/2/202413Highlighting statementsnSpot trends or regularities in the datanSeparate more important findings from less important ones.nMake claim of appropriate strength.- Do not repeat all the details in words, attempt to cover all the information, or
9、claim more than is reasonable.9/2/2024141.Probability-A reduced speed limit will result in fewer highway injuries.-A reduced speed limit may result in fewer highway injuries.-A reduced speed limit might/could result in fewer highway injuries.9/2/202415nIn following examples, the phrases weaken in st
10、rength.-It is certain that-It is almost certain that-It is very probable/highly likely that-It is probable/likely that-It is possible that9/2/202416-It is unlikely that-It is very unlikely/highly improbable that that-There is a strong possibility that-There is a good possibility that-There is a defi
11、nite possibility that-There is a slightly possibility that-There is a remote possibility that9/2/202417nDistanceConsumers have less confidence in the economy today than ten years ago.Consumers seem to have less confidence in the economy.Consumers appear to have less confidence in the economy.9/2/202
12、418It would seem/appear that consumers have less confidence in the economy.nGeneralizationConsumers have less confidence in the economy.Consumers tend to have less confidence in the economy.9/2/202419nQualify the subjectMany consumers have less confidence in the economy. A majority of consumers have
13、 less confidence in the economy.In most part of the country, consumers have less confidence in the economy.9/2/202420nAdd exceptionsApart fromWith the exception ofExcept for9/2/202421nWeaker verbsClaims can be reduced in strength by Choosing a weaker verb.Deregulation caused the banking crisis (stro
14、nger)Deregulation contributed the banking Crisis (weaker)9/2/202422Concluding a data commentarynExplanations and/or implications- usually requirednUnexpected results or unsatisfactory data- if necessarynPossible further research or possible future predictions- if appropriate9/2/202423Dealing with pr
15、oblemsnPhrasesMay be due toCan be attributed toCan probably be accounted forIs probably a consequence ofWould seem to stem from9/2/202424Dealing with graphsUpward trendPeakLow pointSharp riseSteep fallRiseLeveling off9/2/2024259/2/202426Fall ofRemained steadySpikeIncrease DeclineMinimumMaximumLinear
16、 increase9/2/202427Dealing with chronological dataFrom 1982 to 1985 the pass rate rose.During the first four years, the pass rate rose.The pass rate fluctuated from 1982 to 1994.The pass rate fluctuated throughout the period.9/2/202428The pass rate remained under 50% from 1986 to 1991.The pass rate
17、remained under 50% until 1991.9/2/202429nFindings summarized and contributions made to the research worknSome highlights for the paper interpretation of the methods, results, data by analyzing your data prepared in the form of a figure (graph) or tablenBasis for the discussion and conclusions9/2/202
18、430nNever include raw data or intermediate calculations in a research paper. nNever present the same data more than once presented in figures or tables.9/2/202431Understanding results-structurenMajor generalization of the resultsnData supporting of the generalization (commentary)nHighlighting result
19、s statements: trends/ regularitiesnComparison or contrast between the data within the present research Discussions of implications (alarming problems or exceptions) 9/2/202432Commentary strategiesnHighlighting the resultsnAssessment of common belief or general practice in the light of given datanCom
20、parison and evaluation of different data setsnImplication of the data9/2/202433nJustifying the methodsnInterpreting the resultsnCiting agreement with standard theorynCommenting on the data9/2/202434Understanding the results- linguistic features n Tense: past and presentn Voice: passive and activen T
21、able 1 shows(present)+ noun phrase (General summary)n Table 1 shows that (present)+ clause (specific summary)n As shown in table 1+ clause 9/2/202435Most common habits in paper writing9/2/202436nVery long sentencesnVery long sentences are especially common in paper writing because the writers often
22、translate directly from their language to English. 9/2/202437nThe main idea and each supporting idea should be written in separate sentences.9/2/202438ExamplesnToo long The clear height of the case is 6.15 meters; the thickness of the roof is 0.85 meters; the thickness of the bottom is 0.90 meters,
23、the overall width is 26.6 meters, the overall length of the axial cord is 304.5 meters, the length of the jacking section is about 148.8 meters; the weight of the case is about 24127 tons.9/2/202439nClear Case clearance height 6.15 meters Roof thickness 0.85 meters Bottom thickness 0.90 meters Overa
24、ll width 26.6 meters Overall length of the axial cord 304.5 meters Length of the jacking section 148.8 meters (approx.) Weight of the case 24127 tons (approx.)9/2/202440Prefacing the main idea of a sentencenAuthors often preface the main topic of a sentence by first stating the purpose, location, re
25、ason, examples and conditions as introductory elements. However, this has the effect of demoting the importance of the main idea and making the reader think the author is indirect. 9/2/202441nBring the main idea to the beginning of the sentence stating any locations, reasons, etc.9/2/202442nIncorrec
26、t For the application in automobile interiors, this paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing. nCorrect This paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing for application in automobile interiors.9/2/202443nIncorrect To ensure sheet metal qualit
27、y as well as assembly quality, CMMs are widely used in automotive industry production.16nCorrect CMMs are widely used in automotive industry production to ensure sheet metal quality as well as assembly quality.9/2/202444Tendency of placing phrasesnIncorrect When U is taken as the control parameter,
28、the BDs for =0.0, 0.001, 0.005 are shown in Fig. 8.nCorrect Figure 8 shows the BDs for =0.0, 0.001, and 0.005 when U is taken as the control parameter.9/2/202445Place the most important subject at the beginningnIncorrect Based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD mod
29、el, the extended STL format is described in this section.4nCorrect The extended STL format is described in this section based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model.9/2/202446NumbersnTwo very common errors are those concerning the presentation of Arabic numerals,
30、 and equations. Authors usually write Arabic numerals instead of spelling out the word. The use of Arabic numerals, itself, is not an error however; they should never be used at the beginning of sentences.9/2/202447ExamplenIncorrect 12 parameters were selected for the experiment.nCorrect Twelve para
31、meters were selected for the experiment.9/2/202448nIn addition, Arabic numerals are overused. Arabic numerals should be used to give data in technical papers, however they should not be used to give general information.9/2/202449ExamplenIncorrect All 3 studies concluded that the mean temperature sho
32、uld be 30C.nCorrect All three studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30C.9/2/202450such as and etcnSuch as and etc. are commonly misused by writers. Such as means for example and implies that an incomplete list will follow; netc. means and so on and is used at the end of a list to sho
33、w it is not complete. Therefore, using such as and etc. together is redundant.9/2/202451nIncorrect Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile, motors, printers, etc.nCorrect Studies of methodology and process of implementing
34、 remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile, motors, and printers.9/2/202452nSuch as means that an incomplete list will be given and should not be used when a complete list is given.9/2/202453nIncorrect Compared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has three
35、 characteristics such as high complexity, high precision and high automation.nCorrect Compared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has three characteristics: high complexity, high precision and high automation.9/2/202454RespectivelynIncorrect The weights of the two experts are resp
36、ectively 0.600 and 0.400.19nCorrect The weights of the two experts are 0.600 and 0.400, respectively.9/2/202455In this paper, in this studyn1. In the introduction and conclusion to emphasize the content of the paper.n2. In the body of the paper, after referring to work not done by the author such as
37、 in other journal articles or in standard.nKeep in mind the writer can also use other phrases such as in this research, and this paper present.9/2/202456Singular words in plural formnMistakesThinkingsKnowledgesOffspringsFurnituresInformationsEquipments9/2/202457Confused wordsnAid/aidsnEconomic/economicalnExtend/extentnAttributing/contributingnContend/content9/2/2024589/2/202459
