第七章 硅酸盐水泥熟料的显微结构分析1、硅酸盐熟料岩相（显微结构）分析的作用2、硅酸盐水泥熟料的矿物组成3、硅酸盐水泥熟料岩相分析样品制备4、硅酸盐水泥熟料的岩相形态4、硅酸盐水泥熟料岩相形态的变化 1精选ppt一、熟料岩相分析的作用n1、鉴定熟料矿物相组成、煅烧过程、均匀性；n2、直接观察到各个矿相的形状、尺寸以及其分布状态，快速判断生产工艺过程中存在的问题；n3、根据岩相分析对水泥性能和生产工艺实现系统优化：提高熟料活性、减少水泥中的混合材用量；优化窑内煅烧工艺制度，降低烧成热耗；改善熟料的易磨性，降低水泥生产的粉磨电耗；分析鉴定水泥质量存在的问题2精选ppt二、硅酸盐水泥熟料的矿物组成 硅酸盐水泥熟料主要由以下四种矿物组成：n硅 酸 三 钙 - 3CaO SiO2，可简写为C3S；n硅 酸 二 钙 - 2CaO SiO2，可简写为C2S；n铝 酸 三 钙 - 3CaO Al2O3，可简写为C3A；n铁相固溶体- 通常以铁铝酸四钙4CaOAl2O3 Fe2O3作为其代 表式，可简写为C4AF；n玻璃体、方镁石、游离氧化钙3精选pptFigure 4-1. Modes of sample preparation: (1) single clinker, impregnated with epoxy resin, cut, and polished; (2) crushed clinker fragments, encapsulated and impregnated with epoxy, cut, and polished; (3) whole clinkers impregnated with epoxy and mounted on a thin film of epoxy on a glass microscope slide, cut and polished; (4) millimeter-size crushed clinkers, embedded in epoxy, ground, and polished; 三、硅酸盐水泥熟料的矿物组成4精选ppt(5) cement, size graded by sedimentation in an alcohol-mineral spirits mixture in a glass vial, dried, impregnated with epoxy, cut, and polished; (6) drilled holes in an epoxy plug, filled individually with cement (a) extracted with a potassium hydroxide-sugar solution, (b) extracted with maleic acid, and unextractedthe plug has been cut and polished; (7) thin section of whole clinkers; section thickness is approximately 22 mm; (8) crushed clinker, 45- to 75- mm fraction, in Hyrax, for determination of the kiln parameters with the Ono Method. Scale divisions in mm. (S#A7094)5精选ppt四、硅酸盐水泥熟料的岩相形态n从岩相分析的角度看，硅酸盐水泥熟料是多矿物组成的集合体。
n因此，水泥熟料实际上是一种多矿物组成的结晶细小的人造岩石 6精选ppt主要包括:nAlite（简称阿利特或A矿）；nBelite（简称贝利特或B矿）；n黑色中间相（C3A）；n白色中间相Celite（简称才利特或C矿，C4AF）；n少量的游离氧化钙（f-CaO）、方镁石、玻璃相等7精选ppt 1. A矿 （Alite）nA矿是含有少量MgO、Al2O3和Fe2O3的硅酸三钙（C3S ）固溶体 n纯的硅酸三钙属于三斜晶系；nA矿晶体最常见的是单斜晶系晶体外形为假六方片状或板状，有时出现短柱状等，图8-1-1、7-2、7-3为几何轴率，为晶体长度与宽度之比，一般为2）8精选ppt9精选ppt 正常煅烧熟料中A矿晶体的大小约20-30m，呈边棱平直，六角板，柱状的自形晶（图9-3）10精选pptnA矿晶体中常可发现包裹着其他晶体的包裹结构（图9-4，图8-1-8，图3，图4） 11精选ppt图3 包晶结构的阿里特晶体 图4 阿里特包裹f-CaO、C3A结构 1%硝酸酒精 12精选ppt 图9-5是慢冷熟料A矿分解，周围环绕着析出的小颗粒C2S晶体的花环状结构13精选ppt花环状结构A矿和片状C3A14精选pptn图9-6是受酸性溶液浸蚀后形成的港湾状结构； n图9-7是内外成份不同出现的环带结构，等等。
15精选ppt 在反光显微镜下，n用 1% 的 NH4Cl 水溶液浸蚀光片后A矿呈兰色；n用 1% 硝酸酒精浸蚀光片后，A矿呈棕色16精选pptnEuhedral to subhedral, zoned, yellowish tan alite; dark, round belite with typical multidirectional lamellae; and a well-differentiated matrix of aluminate (C3A) and ferrite (C4AF). Small belite inclusions in alite. Epoxy-filled pore at bottom of photo. Coal-fired kiln, wet-process, 1000 tons/day, 38 MPa; coarse seashell feed (30% greater than 75 mm). nPolished sectionnNital etch17精选ppt18精选pptnUniform silicate distribution in polished clinker thin section showing angular, equant to elongated alite; round, clear belite with typical multidirectional lamellae; and a finely microcrystalline matrix of aluminate (C3A) and ferrite (C4AF).nplane-polarized lightnSection thickness = 15 mmnSame field of view as previous photograph. Different shades of gray on silicates indicate different crystallographic orientations in partially cross-polarized light. High maximum temperature, long burning time, slow heating rate, quick cooling, 42 MPa. Dry-process, coal- and cokefired kiln, 2145 tons/day.19精选pptnClinker thin section (approximately 15 mm thick) showing relatively large angular alite; smaller, round belite; and normal ferrite with its short slender intersecting crystals, between which the aluminate occurs (not visible at this magnification).nTransmitted, plane-polarized light20精选pptnSame field of view as previous photograph except in partially crossed polars. Various interference colors due, in large part, to different crystallographic orientations.21精选pptnSame field as previous photograph but with reflected light and nital etch. Euhedral, brown alite; round belite with multidirectional lamellae; welldifferentiated matrix (almost invisible in the photograph). High maximum temperature, long burning time, slow heating rate, quickly cooled. Coalfired, dry-process kiln, 2000 tons/day.22精选ppt23精选ppt2、B矿（Belite）nB矿是含有FeO、MgO、 Fe2O3 、Al2O3、Mn2O3等微量组分的硅酸二钙（C2S ）固溶体，有多种晶型。
n工厂水泥熟料中的B矿大部分为型的，属单斜晶系n一般B矿呈圆粒状，常具有两组相互交叉的双晶纹或一组平行的晶纹（ 图7-4，图9-8，图8-1-2，图7-5，图9-9）n因窑内还原气氛或其他工艺因素的影响，还会呈现手指状（图7-8，图9-10），树叶状（图9-11），花蕾状（图7-6）和脑状（图7-7，图9-12）B矿24精选pptB矿显微结构B矿群手指状、树叶状B矿25精选pptB矿矿巢及发育不完整的A、B矿B矿矿巢及发育不完整的A矿具有爪状结构的B矿和麻面、形状不规则的B矿矿巢具有交叉双晶纹的B矿矿巢26精选pptCrushed clinker in refractive-index oil showing large, clear to pale yellow, round belite (arrow) with typical internal cross lamellae. Moderately high maximum temperature, long burning time, slow heating rate, quickly cooled. Dry-process kiln with flash calciner, 5000 tons/day.plane-polarized light27精选ppt当烧成温度高于1400并急冷时，可见相互交叉的细密双晶纹，见图9-8；当温度度在1400以上，但冷却较慢时，双晶纹变得粗短，见图8-1-2 ；当温度低于1400（约1350）时，冷却速度又慢，会出现平行双晶纹，见图7-5，图9-9。
当煅烧温度低于1300时，晶体一般不具有双晶28精选ppt29精选ppt30精选ppt31精选ppt32精选ppt33精选ppt34精选pptn根据-C2S的形态和双晶的变化，可以推断窑内的煅烧温度及热工制度n当- C2S 转变为- C2S 时，体积要增大10%左右，大量转变时常会使熟料崩裂呈粉状（图7-9）35精选ppt - C2S 在反光显微镜下，n用 1NH4Cl 水溶液或 1% 硝酸酒精浸蚀光片后，都呈现棕色或棕黄色36精选pptnPolished sectionnNital etch37精选。