Q: 36653135 :010-82621290(fax) 62769131 4007068309 答疑邮箱:mbadayi@ 群:165303836 Page 1 长难句补充练习 长难句补充练习 第一部分:长难句精解 第一部分:长难句精解 1. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. [句子主干句子主干] Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased … shareholders as a class, (which was) an element… [语法难点语法难点] 本句是典型的非限定性定语从句,难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和 of 结构 限定, 并且分句是由两个 and 相连的 3 个部分组成的。
分句 an element…landowners 又 带有两个定语从句, 一个是 (which was) representing…, 另一个是(which was)detached… 可见,定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构,从而在理解上容易和分词结 构相混淆 [句子翻译句子翻译] 对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量 和重要性这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分,代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地 所有者应尽义务的分离,而且也几乎与责任管理相分离 [翻译技巧翻译技巧] 实际上定语从句并不符合汉语的使用习惯所以翻译时遇上定语从句,一定不要 机械地按照原来的顺序生搬硬套像这样分句较长的情况,把主句和分句拆为两句是 比较好的方法所以这里从“这个阶层”开始另起一句 2..Towns like Bournemouth and Eastboune sprang up to house large “comfortable“ Q: 36653135 :010-82621290(fax) 62769131 4007068309 答疑邮箱:mbadayi@ 群:165303836 Page 2 classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. [句子主干句子主干] Towns…sprang up…classes who…, and who… [语法难点语法难点] 1)有并列从句。
分析句子主干很容易看到这也是一个典型的定语从句结构,分句 由 who…,and who…两个并列结构组成 注意 like 并不是谓语而是介词短语作定语, 真 正的主句谓语是 sprang ofretire on 指“依靠什么而退休(多跟表收入的名词)” 2)that of drawing dividends 结构中,draw 是收取的意思,dividend 指红利,that of sth 结构是名词性的,that of sth 相当于 which is 结构,目的都是修饰前面的名词注意 后面还有 attending…是省略了 which were 的定语从句,把 of sth 结构和定语从句交替 使用是英语中长难句的惯用手法,目的是避免行文的单调,考生朋友们要注意分辨 [句子翻译] 像 Bournemouth 和 Eastboune 这样的城市兴起了, 大批隐退的享乐阶层人士靠自己 的收入,在这里过着悠闲的生活他们与群体之外的人没有联系,只是分取红利,偶 尔参加股东会议,对管理人员发号施令 [翻译技巧] 同样是为了避开定语从句,将主句和分句拆为两句要注意几个短语的理解 retire on 依靠……退休/have…relation…to 与……有关系/up to 达到……的规模 3..Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.” [句子主干句子主干] Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down…, like a …, considering them as…, in which a…” [语法难点语法难点] 有省略。
1)like…分句是省略了 who 的主语从句中的分句,considering…分句是现在分词 引导的状语从句这个状语从句可以拿到句首,也可以在句尾一般来说较长的状语 Q: 36653135 :010-82621290(fax) 62769131 4007068309 答疑邮箱:mbadayi@ 群:165303836 Page 3 从句置于句尾,较短的置于句首,为的是使句子看上去显得简洁一些 2)like 分句中出现了比较多的省略,补全以后是 who like a poet who is among the letters…英语中的从句之所以是难点就是因为大量地省略引导词 [句子翻译句子翻译] 罗博特•富尔顿曾经写道,机械工将坐在杠杆、螺丝、楔、轮子等周围,像诗人对 待字母表中的每个字母一样,把它们作为自己的思路展示,每一个新组合都传送一个 新概念 [翻译技巧翻译技巧] 如果严格地翻译, like 分句应该译为“像对待字母表中字母的诗人一样”, 原因是这 个从句修饰的是机械工,应该用诗人来对应,但这样一来,就不符合汉语的表达习惯 了。
4..Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. [句子主干句子主干] Some of these causes are reasonable results…, Others are consequences of advances… [语法难点语法难点] 主语是 some of these causes,实际的主语就是 some,不过谓语是单数还是复数则 取决于 of 后面的成分是单数还是复数 being to…是定语从句的分句结构, 意为“属于” [句子翻译句子翻译] 在这些原因中,有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求,另一些则是由于科学在一 定程度上自我加速而产生的某些特定发展的必然结果 [翻译技巧翻译技巧] 这个翻译比较简单,注意 being to 的翻译即可 5..This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its Q: 36653135 :010-82621290(fax) 62769131 4007068309 答疑邮箱:mbadayi@ 群:165303836 Page 4 scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. [句子主干句子主干]This trend began during …, when…,that… [语法难点语法难点] 1)有嵌套从句。
这个句子实际上是 This trend began.其余的成分都是在起修饰和 限定作用在分析长难句时一定要注意找出句子的主干,关键是确定句子的主语和谓 语,只有这样才不会被众多的修饰成分所迷惑 2)When 引导的是时间状语从句第一个 that 引导的是修饰 conclusion 的定语从 句,第二个 that 引导的是修饰 demands 的定语从句,wants 前省略了 which,是引导的 修饰 a government 的主语从句 [句子翻译句子翻译] 这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府下了结论,认为:政府 向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的 [翻译技巧翻译技巧]此句中短语较多 come to the conclusion 形成某种结论/make of 提出/in detail 详细地 6..This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future. [句子主干句子主干]This seems …done by supporting a certain amount of research not…but… [语法难点语法难点]注意 not…but 句型,意为“不是……而是……” [句子翻译句子翻译] 给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研提供支持,看来通常能有效地 解决这一问题。
[翻译技巧翻译技巧] 严格说来,not…but 结构应译为“不是……而是……”,但这样就显得罗嗦,所 以 译为“与……无关”,但(另一些有关)a amount of 指“数量达到……”be related to 指“与……有关” 7..However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal Q: 36653135 :010-82621290(fax) 62769131 4007068309 答疑邮箱:mbadayi@ 群:165303836 Page 5 with some of the world's more fascination and delightfu。