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1、小学英语教师 课堂教学语言技能探讨太原师范学院 胡明珠 2007.08课堂教学语言的含义课堂教学语言是指英语教师在课堂上 组织教学所用的语言。它是一种以口头 形式为主，书面语与形体语等配合和综 合运用的语言系统。教师既通过它来叙 述、讲解知识，组织指挥教学活动，又 用它来开发智力、感染情绪，对学生进 行思想教育。它既是一种工作手段，也 是对学生进行听力和口语训练的内容和 方法。课堂教学语言的原则1、尽量多用英语组织教学； 2、尽量用浅显、明白、学生能听懂的英语； 3、注意课堂用语表达的规范性； 4、注意观察学生表情，调整语速、重复重 点与 难点； 5、配合与眼神、表情和形体语言，形象生动地 描
2、述和讲解； 6、对于讲解中的生词、难点、重点，应配合与 板书；7、与其他教学手段如直观教具、简笔画、电教 等密切结合； 8、注意语言的启发性，激发学生的学习兴趣、 求知欲和应答主动性； 9、注意语言的韵律和节奏感，快、慢、高、低 符合教学内容需要； 10、注意发音用嗓的技巧，音量以后排学生听清 为度，音质优美、圆润、悦耳，具有穿透力。 课堂教学语言基本要求1.语音清楚规范在学生学习初级阶段讲英语时，要注 意每个字母、每个音节、每个意群、每 个句子都应该读清楚、正确。对于音标的理解辅音（Consonants): 发音时气流受阻 发音位置(places of articulation) Bilab
3、ial (双唇音）: /p/ /b/ /m/ /w/ Labiodental（唇齿音）: /f/ /v/ Dental（齿音）: / /Alveolar（齿龈音）: /t/ /d/ /n/ /l/ /s/ /z/ Palato-alveolar: （颚齿龈音）/ / / /Retroflex（卷舌音）: /r/ Palatal（颚音）: /j/ Velar（软颚音）: /k/ /g/ / Glottal: （喉音）/h/发音方式(manners of articulation) Stops（爆破音）: /p/b/t/d/k/g/ Nasals（鼻音）: /m/n/ Fricatives（摩擦音
4、）: /f/v/ / /s/z/ / / /h/ Affricates（破擦音）: / / Approximants（近似音）: /w/j/r/l/Bob goes home at five every day. and brings his wife a rose. His wife is happy washing clothes and cooking for him, but she has a headache about their son. She tells him that Jimmy sings songs beautifully and does not like lea
5、rning English and often fails in the examinations. The teacher complains about Jimmy many times. 元音（Vowels）：发音时气流不受阻。 基本元音：/i/e/a/o/u/ 从舌的前后位置判断： 前元音（front）：/i:/i/e/ 中元音（central）：/:/ 后元音（back）：/:/ /:u:/u/从舌的高低位置判断： 高元音（High）：/i:/i/u:/u/ 中元音（Mid）：/e/ /:/ /: 低元音（Low）： / /:/ 从唇的形状判断： 圆唇音（Rounded）：/ /:u
6、:/u/ 不圆唇音（Unrounded）：/i:/i/ /e/ / /:/ /:/Compare: sheep-ship leave-live teach-tick bed-bad guess-gas head-hand bath-bus heart-hut part-but port-pot door-dot short-shot cook good look wood book wool goose school room noodle food双元音(Diphthong/glide)Closing: /ai/au/ei/i/u/ Centering: /i/e/u/ kite light
7、 bike house now cloud loud sound make lake boy toy oil coin coat boat ear air poorSTRESS（重读）Stress refers to the degree of force used in producing a syllable. It is a feature for which the smallest unit of application is the syllable. The location of stress in English distinguishes meaning.Word stre
8、ss（词重读）Sentence stress（句重读）General rules for word stressMonosyllabic words are considered as stressed syllables cut, good,etc. The stress of two-syllabic words usually fall on the roots mistake, translate, teacher, childlike, etc. The stress of polysyllabic words is usually on the third syllable fro
9、m the bottom family, economy, synonymy, etc. Word StressGeneral rules for word stress:nMonosyllabic words are considered as stressed syllables cut, good,etc.nThe stress of two-syllabic words usually fall on the roots mistake, translate, teacher, childlike, etc.nThe stress of polysyllabic words is us
10、ually on the third syllable from the bottom family, economy, synonymy, etc. Sentence Stress（句重读）Sentence stress refers to the relative force given to the components of a sentence. Sentence stress differs from the word stress in two ways:(1)Monosyllabic words may take sentence stress;(2)Polysyllabic
11、words may have the stress on a different syllable from where it is, or they may lose it completely. General rules for sentence stressnThe relatively important words should be stressed,such as nouns, adjectives, main verbs, and adverbs in English.Theres nothing we can do now.nRhythmic considerations
12、influence the placement of stress.She is fifteen years old.She is only fifteen.nThe syntactic structure of a sentence has a bearing on the stress pattern.How do you do, Mr. Smith?Stress may fall on any word or syllable in a sentence to distinguish meaning:I cant speak English. (Not willing to speak.
13、) I cant speak English. (Maybe the others can.)I cant speak English. (Maybe I can write.)I cant speak English. (Maybe I can speak French.)Up stairs, not down stairs.连读和失去爆破 nAt four o clock.nThere is a pair of shoes.nHave a look at it.nSit down, please.2. 语调正确：根据教学内容的不同运用不同的语 调。 When stress, pitch,
14、and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as intonation. Intonation plays an important role in conveying meaning in almost every language. English has four basic types of intonation, known as four tones: falling, rising, fall-rise, and rise-
15、fall. When spoken in different tones, the same sentence may have different meanings.Distinctive functions of intonation（ 语调的功能）（1）It may indicate different sentence types by pitch direction.Statement falling tone Question rising tone （2）Sometimes it may indicate connotative meaning.I cant eat anything.I cant eat anything.（3）It may impose different structures on the sentence by dividing it into different intonation units.Those who bought quickly made a profit.Those who bought quickly made a
