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1、主谓一致 什么是主谓一致？n主谓一致：英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数”要限制、决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓一致”关系。n它通常依据三项原则：n1）语法一致 (必考)n2）意义一致； n3）就近一致。（必考） 语法一致原则的重点： n不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句等作主语，用单数谓语形式。 nTo serve the country is our duty . nHow and why he left was a sad story . n47. Getting to other planets or to the moon _ many problems.na. involve
2、 b. involves c. involving d. to involve以“and ”或“both and”连接的并列主语n1.通常作复数用 。nPlastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。nBoth Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。n2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、物、抽象概念），作单数用。nThe worker and writer has come . 这位工人作家来了。nA cart and horse was seen in the distance . 远处能看见有一套马车
3、。nTruth and honesty is the best policy . 真诚是最好的策略。n28. Whisky and soda _ his favorite drink.na. is b. are c. were d. have beenn29. _ is to attend our evening.na. both the singer and the dancer b. Either the singer or dancersnc. The singer or dancers d. The singer and dancern41. Early to bed and earl
4、y to rise _ a man healthy, happy and wise.na. making b. to make c. make d. makesn3. “and”前、后的单数词语都有“each, every ,many a ,no”等修饰时，仍作单数用。 nEvery boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。nNo teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。n2
5、. Each man and woman _ the same rights.na. has b. have c. had d. is havingn44. Every man, woman and child _ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world.na. knows b. know c. is known d. are known主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时 nmany a + 单名 接单数谓语：nMany a fine man has died for it . 许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。 n16. Ma
6、ny a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language.na. have realized b. has realized c. have been realized d. has been realizedna good (great ) many + 复名 接复数谓语。nA great many parents were present at the meeting . 许多家长出席了会议。n more than one + 单名 大多接单数谓语。nMore than one person was (were )absent
7、 . 不止一个人缺席。n15. More than one worker _ dismissed.na. have been b. are c. has been d. hasn more + 复名+ than one 接复数谓语。nMore students than one have been there . 不止一个学生去过那儿。n more than two (three,)+复名 接复数谓语。nMore than one hundred students have attended the concert . 不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会。 n主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a
8、kind (sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / meter / )of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。 nThere is only a small quantity of paper (books ) left . 只剩下少量的纸（书）了。nLarge quantities of water are needed . 需要大量的水。nThis kind of apple is sweet . 这种苹果甜。nThis
9、kind of apples is (are) sweet . （大多依 kind ，作单数用 ）nThese kinds of apple(s) are sweet . （总作复数用）nApples of this kind are sweet . （总作复数用） n主语后接“with”等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的主语一致。可构成这类短语的常用“with ,along with ,together with ,as well as , but , besides , except ,added to , including , like ,no less than , ra
10、ther than , more than ”等。nA woman with two children has come . 一位妇女带着两个孩子来了。nI as well as they am ready to help you . 不仅他们，我也愿帮助你。n55. Air pollution, together with overpopulation, _many problems in big cities today. (06)nA. are causing B. is causing nC. are caused D. is causedn31. No one except two
11、students _ the meeting.na. has been late for b. have been late for c. was late for d. were later forn32. All but him and me _ to the exhibition.na. am going b. is going c. are going d. was goingn33. Interest, as well as prospects, _ important when one looks for a job.na. are b. were c. is d. was定语从句
12、中的主谓一致问题none of + 复数名词+ 定语从句：n1. 定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”，因此从句的谓语用复数形式。nThis is one of the best novels that have appeared this year . 这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。（关系词“that”代“novels”）nHe was one of the boys who were praised . 他是受表扬的男孩之一。 n2. 若“one”前加“this, the ,the only ”等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语时，接单数谓语。nHe was the only o
13、ne of the boys who was praised .他是男孩中唯一受到表扬的。(关系词who 代 the only one )n21. Mary is one of the brightest students who _from New York University.(07)nA. graduated B. have graduated C. had graduated D. has graduatedn25. Mary is one of the girls who _ always on time. na. is b. am c. are d. wasn26. Tom is
14、 the only one of the stall members who _ to be promoted.na. is going b. are going c. has been going d. have been going意义一致原则 n有些名词指“整体”时作单数，指其中的“成员”时作复数。n这些名词包括：nArmy; audiencenClass; club; company; committee; couple crew; crowd nfamilyngovernment; groupnparty public populationnstaffnteam nunionnOur
15、 family is a happy one . 我们有个幸福的家庭。nThe family are early risers . 这家人都起得早。nThe public are (is )requested not to litter . 请公众不要乱扔废弃物。 n30. The Smiths _ their breakfast when the morning post came.na. had b. has been having c. are having d. were havingn19. The committee _ over the problem among themsel
16、ves for two hours.na. has argued b. has been arguing c. have argued d. have been arguingn20. The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.na. is b. was c. are d. has been有些名词以s结尾，看似名词复数， 实际上是一个单数名词： nNews; worksn某些疾病：diabetes; mumps; rickets; measles; rabies; shinglesn某些游戏：
17、billiards; bowls; darts;n表示学科的词：acoustics; athletics; economics; electronics; genetics; linguistics; logistics; mathematics; physics; politics; statistics; thermodynamicsn23. Measles _ a kind of infectious illness.na. is b. are c. were d. have beenn22. Her politics _ neither conservative nor liberal
18、.na. is b. are c. was d. has beenn42. Mathematics _ the language of science.na. is b. has been c. are d. have been 其他以-s结尾的名词: n英语中有一些由两个部分构成的物体名称，通常是由-s结尾，如scissors（剪子）、pincers（钳子）、glasses（眼镜）、shorts（短裤）、trousers（裤子）、suspenders（吊裤带）等。这一类名词，如果不带“一把”、“一副”、“一条”之类的单位词而单独出现，通常作复数；如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数形式决定谓语
19、动词的单复数。例如： nYour trousers are tornYoud better change themn你的裤子破了，最好换一条。nOne pair of trousers is not enough一条裤子是不够的。nHere are some new pairs of trousers这儿有几条新裤子。n英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如archives（档案），arms（武器），clothes（衣服），contents（内容），eaves（屋檐），fireworks（烟火），goods（货物），minutes（记录），morals（道德，品行），remains（遗体），sta
20、irs（楼梯），suburbs（郊区），thanks（谢意），wages（工资）等，通常作复数。例如：nThe archives of this society are kept in the basementn这个团体的档案保存在地下室里。nThe contents of this book are most fascinatingn本书的内容非常吸引人。nFireworks were postponed because of bad weathern因为天气不好推迟了放烟火。nHigh wages result in high pricesn高工资会导致高物价。nHis thanks we
21、re most profuse他满口道谢。n但也有少数这类名词作单、复数均可：nHis whereabouts werewas known only to his personal staffn只有他个人的工作班子才知道他的行踪。nThe dramatics（舞台艺术）of the performance werewas marvelousn这次上演在舞台艺术上真是好极了。n凡是由-ings结尾的名词，如clippings（剪下物），diggings（掘出物），earnings（收入，收益），filings（锉屑），lodgings（租住的房间），surroundings（环境），sweepi
22、ngs（扫拢的垃圾）等，通常作复数。例如： nThe clippings of the hedges are usually burntn由篱笆上剪下的枝叶通常烧掉。nThe sweepings of the godown have been disposed ofn仓库垃圾已经清除。n18. The surroundings of his house _ clean now.na. is b. are c. was d. weren表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。n10. “_ twenty dollars a big sum to
23、 her?”n “I suppose so.”na. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Weren11. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.na. are b. has c. is d. were代词作主语时： n1. 不定代词each ,one , much, (a) little ,either ,neither ,another ,the other (+单名)等常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。e.g.nEach of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat . 每个女孩都有顶
24、新帽子。nNeither plan suits me .nNeither of the plans suits / suit me . 两个计划都不适合我。 n1. Each of you _ responsible for the accident.na. am b. be c. is d. aren2下列复合不定代词一般作单数用：nsomeone ,somebody ,something ,anybody ,anyone ,anything ,everybody ,everyone, everything ,nobody ,no one ,nothingnIs everybody here
25、 ? 都到齐了吗？nThere was nothing special then. 那时没什么特别情况。 n3. 下列不定代词作复数用：(a) few; ,many;, several; bothnFew (of the guests ) were familiar to us . 没几个（客人）是我们熟识的。nBoth / Both (of ) these are interesting . 两部影片都有趣。n4下列代词须视其“具体所指”来决定单、复数：nall , some ,more ,most ,any ,none ,a lot (of ), lots (of ), half (of)
26、, plenty (of), the rest (of), (a) part (of), the remainder (of )nAll (of the students ) are working hard .（所有的学生）都在用功。nAll (of the paint ) is fine .（这些油漆）都很好。nHalf of the apples are bad .苹果中有一半是坏的。nHalf of the apple is bad .这只苹果坏了一半。 n12. Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank.na. has been kept b
27、. is being kept c. have kept d. have been keptn13. All that can be done _.na. has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been donen45. None of them _ my friends.na. is b. are c. was d. has been na number of / a variety of +复数名词，常作复数用。nA number of students in this class are (is) from Sichuan . 这个
28、班有不少同学来自四川。nThere are a variety of toys in this shop.这家商店有各种各样的玩具。n35. A number of cars _ in front of the parkna. is parked b. was parked c. are parked d. has parkedn但是，“the number/ the variety(种类)+ of + 复数名词，作单数。nThe number of students in this college has doubled. 这所大学的学生人数翻了一番。nThe variety of good
29、s in this shop is rich. 这家商店货物品种丰富。n22. The number of members in the club _to two hundred. (06)nA. were limited B. limitsnC. was limited D. limitedn36. The number of articles published on smoking _ amazing.na. is b. are c. were d. have beenn有些名词，如population, proportion, majority + of 的结构有时看作单数，有时看作复
30、数。取决于of 后的名词：n37. The majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to health.na. are believed b. had believed c. has believed d. believen38. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair.na. is b. are c. were d. ben分数词 + of的结构，单复数取决于后面的名词：n39. Four-fifths of the crop _.na. are ruined b. was ruined c. were
31、 ruined d. have been ruined n40. Three-fourths of the buildings _.na. was destroyed b. is destroyed c. were destroyed d. has been destroyedthe + 形容词/分词作主语时 n1. 指“一类”人或事物时，常用作复数用。e.g.nThe English speak English. 英国人讲英语。nThe rejected were heaped in the corner. 废品堆在角落里。 n2.指“某一个”人，或“抽象的”事物时，作单数用。e.g.nTh
32、e deceased was his father . 去世的是他父亲。nThe agreeable is not always the useful . 好看的不一定中用。nThe new and progressive always wins over the old . 新生、进步的事物总是要战胜旧的东西。n43. The young _ the vital forces in our society.na. is b. has been c. are d. have beenn48. In that country, the rich _ richer, the poor, poore
33、r. na. become b. has become c. becomes d. is becomingwhat等引导的从句作主语时n1. 大多作单数用。e.g.nWhat we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践。nWhat he says doesnt agree with what he does. 他言行不一致。n27. What caused the accident _ on the road.na. were stone b. were stones c. was stone d. was stonesn2.若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或表语
34、是复数时，谓语动词用单数或复数两可。e.g.nWhat you say and think is /are no business of mine. 你怎么说以及怎么想，不关我的事。nWhat he bought was /were some books. 他所买的是几本书。 就近一致原则也称“邻近原则” n即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：nor ; either or；nor; neitheror；whetheror；notbut; not onlybut also ; 等。e.g.nWhat he does or what
35、 he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。nNeither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。nNot you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。nNot only you but (also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。n39. Not only I but also Tom and Mary _ fond of collecting stamps. (05) n A. am B. will C. are D. haven58. Neither th
36、e teacher nor her students _to attend the meeting by the headmaster. (07)nA. has been asked B. has askednC. have asked D. have been askedn5. The manager or his assistant _ planning to go.na. were b. are c. was d. ben6. Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.na. am b. is c. a
37、re d. wasn7. Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.na. is b. are c. has d. wasn8. Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting.na. attends b. attend c. are attending d. have attended n9. _ was wrong.na. Not the teacher but the students nb. Both the students and the teachernc. Neither the teacher n
38、ot the students n d. Not the students but the teachern14. One or perhaps more pages _.na. is missing b. has been missed c. are missing d. was missingn46. Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe , indeed the whole human society _ to alter its attitude to racial problems.na. need b. needs c. h
39、as a need d. have a needn2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。nIn the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。 讨论题n3. Every means _ tried but without much result.na. has been b. have been c. are d. isn4. There _ in this room.na. are too much furniture b. is too ma
40、ny furnituresnc. are too much furnitures d. is too much furnituren17. The gas works _ near the city.na. is b. are c. were d. ben21. Cattle _ on the hillside.na. grazes b. is grazing c. was grazing d. were grazing n24. The Philippines _ to the south-east of China.n a. lies b. lie c. lay d. laysn34. T
41、he president, accompanied by his assistants, _.na. have arrived b. are arriving c. had arrived d. has arrivedn49. The project requires more labor than _ because it is extremely difficult.na. has been put in b. have been put in c. being put in d. to be put in n50. Not one in one hundred children exposed to the disease _ likely to develop it.na. should be b. must be c. is d. are
