AI和城市（英）-124正式版

AI&CitiesRisks,Applications and GovernanceAcknowledgementsLead Authors Shin Koseki(Universit de Montral),Shazade Jameson(Tilburg University,Mila),Golnoosh Farnadi(HEC,Mila),David Rolnick(McGill,Mila),Catherine Rgis(Universit de Montral,Mila),Jean-Louis Denis(Universit de Montral)Authors Amanda Leal,Cecile de Bezenac,Giulia Occhini,Hugo Lefebvre,Jose Gallego-Posada,Khaoula Chehbouni,Maryam Molamohammadi,Raesetje Sefala,Rebecca Salganik,Safiya Yahaya,Shoghig ThinianUN Habitat Reference Group Cerin Kizhakkethottam,Christelle Lahoud,Herman Jean Pienaar,Ivan Thung,Judith Owigar,Katja Schaefer,Kerstin Sommer,Leandry Nkuidje,Melissa Permezel,Paula Pennanen-Rebeiro-Hargrave,Pontus Westerberg,Remy Sietchiping,Salma YousryMila Core Team Benjamin Prudhomme(co-lead),Rose Landry(co-lead),Anna Jahn(reviewer)UN Habitat Core TeamAbdinassir Shale Sagar(lead),Melissa Permezel(reviewer)Edition Andrea Zanin,Daly-Dallaire,Services de traductionDesign,Layout and Illustrations Simon LArchevque ContentsForeword from UN-Habitats executive director p.5 Foreword from Valrie Pisano,President and CEO of Mila p.61.INTRODUCTION P.71.1.How to read this report p.91.2.Guiding frameworks p.102.AI AND CITIES P.112.1.What is AI?p.12 2.1.1.What is responsible AI?p.12 2.1.2.What are different types of AI?p.12 2.1.3.Deep learning applications p.14 2.1.4.Opportunities for AI in cities p.14 2.1.5.Limitations of AI p.152.2.Governance p.16 2.2.1.Governance overview p.16 2.2.2.Why governance matters p.16 2.2.3.AI in the city p.17 2.2.4.Key challenges for AI governance p.173.APPLICATIONS P.193.1.Applications overview p.203.2.Energy p.21 3.2.1.Forecasting electricity generation p.21 3.2.2.Predictive maintenance of existing infrastructure p.22 3.2.3.Accelerating experimentation p.22 3.2.4.Transmission and distribution p.23 3.2.5.System optimisation and control p.23 3.2.6.Forecasting supply and demand p.24 3.2.7.Predictive maintenance for the transmission and distribution network p.25 3.2.8.Energy use and efficiency p.253.3.Mobility p.273.3.1.Public transport p.273.3.2.Private transport p.293.3.3.Transportation infrastructure p.303.4.Public safety p.323.4.1.Environmental safety p.323.4.2.Population risks p.343 AI&CITIES:RISKS,APPLICATIONS AND GOVERNANCECONTENTS3.5.Water and waste management p.35 3.5.1.Water p.35 3.5.2.Waste p.363.6.Healthcare p.38 3.6.1.Health promotion and disease prevention p.38 3.6.2.Health system and healthcare organisation p.39 3.6.3.Public health surveillance of disease outbreaks p.403.7.Urban planning p.42 3.7.1.Planning and management p.42 3.7.2.Neighbourhoods p.44 3.7.3.Buildings,public spaces and infrastructure p.463.8.City governance p.49 3.8.1.Enhanced government efficiency p.49 3.8.2.Engagement with the public p.49 3.8.3.Informed policymaking p.514.RISK FRAMEWORK P.524.1.Risks overview p.534.2.The AI life cycle p.54 4.2.1.Phase 1:Framing p.56 4.2.2.Phase 2:Design p.65 4.2.3.Phase 3:Implementation p.70 4.2.4.Phase 4:Deployment p.85 4.2.5.Phase 5:Maintenance p.905.URBAN AI STRATEGY P.965.1.Urban AI strategy overview p.975.2.Start from the local context p.985.3.Prioritise capacity-building p.1015.4.Develop innovative regulatory tools for AI p.1025.5.Foster cross-sectoral collaborations p.1055.6.Build horizontal integration p.1076.CONCLUSION P.1097.REFERENCES P.1115 AI&CITIES:RISKS,APPLICATIONS AND GOVERNANCEINTRODUCTIONFOREWORD FROM UN-HABITATS EXECUTIVE DIRECTORArtificial intelligence has already started to have an impact on urban settings at an unprecedented pace,with sophis-ticated solutions being deployed in the streets,at airports and in other city installations.In fact,cities are becoming experimental sites for new forms of artificial intelligence and automation technologies that are applied across a wide variety of sectors and places.These developments,and emerging practices such as predictive policing,are dramatically changing cities and our societies at a time when the world is experiencing rapid urbanization anda range of changes and challeng-es:climate change,the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic,access to basic urban services,infrastructure,housing,livelihoods,health and education.At the same time,AI and AI-enabled solutions are opening up new opportunities for cities while also being deemed to pose significant risks and challenges,such as potential bias and discrimination,privacy violations and other human rights violations,including surveillance schemes.To support cities in their efforts to appropriately apply artificial intelligence,UN-Habitat has partnered with Mila Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute to provide reflections and guidance on AI and its responsible use in cities.The paper,which is part of our strategy to promote a people-centred approach to digital transformation,covers urban applications of AI,risks,sets out specific approaches and tools for urban AI governance,and provides a set of key recommendations for urban leaders implementing AI in local governments.It is important for local(and n