亚开行-加强积极的劳动力市场政策推动亚洲包容性复苏(英)-2022.11-106正式版

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STRENGTHENING ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES TO DRIVE AN INCLUSIVE RECOVERY IN ASIA Edited by Linda Arthur and Derek Hondo ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK INSTITUTE Strengthening Active Labor Market Policies to Drive an Inclusive Recovery in Asia Edited by Linda Arthur and Derek Hondo ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK INSTITUTE © 2022 Asian Development Bank Institute All rights reserved. ISBN 978-4-89974-265-4 (Print) ISBN 978-4-89974-266-1 (PDF) DOI: https://doi.org/10.56506/UUWL4644 The views in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), its Advisory Council, ADB’s Board or Governors, or the governments of ADB members. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. ADBI uses proper ADB member names and abbreviations throughout and any variation or inaccuracy, including in citations and references, should be read as referring to the correct name. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “recognize,” “country,” or other geographical names in this publication, ADBI does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works without the express, written consent of ADBI. The Asian Development Bank recognizes “China” as the People’s Republic of China; “Hong Kong” as Hong Kong, China; “Korea” as the Republic of Korea; “Macao” as Macau, China; “Britain” as the United Kingdom; and “Vietnam” as Viet Nam. Note: In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars. Asian Development Bank Institute Kasumigaseki Building 8F 3-2-5, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-6008, Japan www.adbi.org CONTENTS Tables, Figures, and Box iv Abbreviations vi Contributors vii Acknowledgments viii Introduction ix Linda Arthur and Derek Hondo Building Resilient Active Labor Market Policies Part I Addressing the Fault Lines in Sri Lanka’s Human Capital Base 1 for COVID-19 and Beyond 1 Poongothai Venuganan Active Labor Market Policies in Developing Asia: Case Study of India 20 2 Partha Pratim Mitra Differential Impact of Vocational Training on Earnings of Different Types 33 of Employment: An Analysis of India’s Economy 37 Indrajit Bairagya Part II Improving Technical and Vocational Education and Training for Youth iii 4 Effectiveness of Vocational Training Programs in Achieving Decent Work for Youth: The Case of Sri Lanka 53 N. P. Dammika Padmakanthi 5 Unlucky Generation: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Youth Labor Market 69 Sasiwimon Warunsiri Paweenawat and Lusi Liao Conclusion 90 TABLES, FIGURES, AND BOX TABLES iv  1.1 Composition of Employment in Formal and Informal Sector, 2020 12 1.2 Distribution of Informal and Formal Sector Employment by Main Occupation, 2020 13 1.3 Distribution of Informal Sector Employment by Level of Education, 2020 13 2.1 Regional Classification of States Considered for the Study 24 3.1 Impact of Formal Vocational Training and Informal Vocational Training on Participation in Different Types of Employment in India: Multinomial Logit Estimates 43 3.2 Impact of Formal Vocational Training and Informal Vocational Training on the Earnings of Different Types of Employment 46 3.3 Impact of Formal and Informal Vocational Training on the Earnings across Quantiles of Self-Employment in India 47 4.1 Labor Market Characteristics in Sri Lanka 54 4.2 Different Industry Sectors with Training Programs Conducted by the Department of Technical Education and Training 57 4.3 Results of the Probit Model 61 4.4 Results of the Regression Model 62 4.5 Education Level of Unemployed Youth, Sri Lanka 63 4.6 Age Distribution of Unemployed Youth 64 4.7 Results of the Factor Analysis 65 5.1 Unemployment Rate by Age and Gender during Major Crises in Thailand 72 5.2 Quarterly GDP, Inflation Rate, and Unemployment Rate in Thailand, 2020–2021 73 5.3 Basic Statistics of Young and Old Workers by Quarter, 2020–2021 73 5.4 Monthly Unemployment Rate, Working Hours, and Wage of Young and Old Workers, 2020–2021 74 FIGURES 1.1 Comparison of Sectoral Contribution to Gross Domestic Product and Share of Employment 2 1.2 Trends in GDP Growth and Unemployment 3 1.3 Share of Unemployed Persons by Level of Education 4 1.4 Recent Trends in Youth Unemp
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