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1、 UNIT 9 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS TEXT AAutomatic Transmission(AT)PROFESSIONAL ENGLISHUNIT 8 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS TEXT AAutomatic Transmission(AT)Torque Converter Planetary Gear Hydraulic System Servos and Accumulators Hydraulic Control System Electronic Control System本次课学习内容本次课学习目标l掌握自动变速器的有关英文专业词
2、汇l能够较好地用已知翻译技巧进行课文翻译l训练快速阅读能力，较高的阅读速度NEW WORDSimpellerimpeln.推进者，叶轮，泵轮推进者，叶轮，泵轮statorsteitn.定子，导轮定子，导轮pumppmpn.泵，泵轮泵，泵轮standstillstndstiln.停止，停顿停止，停顿spheresfin.球，球体，圈子，半球球，球体，圈子，半球flattenfltnv.变平，变单调变平，变单调torust:rsn.圆环面，环形，叶轮，圆环面，环形，叶轮，植植花托花托slingslin.投掷，抛投掷，抛impingeimpinv.撞击，打击撞击，打击fashionfnn.样子，方式
3、，流行，风尚样子，方式，流行，风尚servos:vun.伺服，伺服系统伺服，伺服系统accumulatorkju:mjuleitn.蓄能器，蓄压器，蓄能器，蓄压器，英英蓄电池蓄电池solenoidsulinidn.电电螺线管螺线管PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSdrive plate传动板传动板planetary gear set行星齿轮机构行星齿轮机构one-way clutch单向离合器单向离合器planetary gearbox sun gear行星齿轮变速器太阳轮行星齿轮变速器太阳轮planet carrier行星架行星架shift valve换档阀换档阀governor
4、 pressure调速器压力调速器压力modulator pressure调压阀压力调压阀压力line pressure主油路压力主油路压力 In todays automobile,the automatic transmission is by far the most complicated mechanical component.It is a type of transmission that shifts itself.Automatic transmission or transaxle has four basic systems-a torque converter,a g
5、ear system,a hydraulic system and an electronic system(Fig.9-1).TORQUE CONVERTER The torque converter replaces the conventional clutch.It has three functions:1.It allows the engine to idle with the vehicle at a standstill,even with the transmission or transaxle in gear1.2.It allows the transmission
6、or transaxle to shift from range-to-range smoothly,without requiring that the driver close the throttle during the shift.Automatic Transmission(AT)Automatic Transmission(AT)3.It multiplies engine torque to an increasing extent as vehicle speed drops and throttle opening is increased.This has the eff
7、ect of making the transmission or transaxle more responsive and reduces the amount of shifting required.1.Drive plate 2.Converter lockup clutch 3.Torque converter P.Impeller R.Stator T.Turbine 4.Clutch A 5.Clutch B 6.Clutch C 7.Clutch C 8.Clutch D 9.Planetary gear set 10.Planetary gear set,fourth ge
8、ar 11.Clutch E 12.Clutch F 13.Output 14-17.One-way clutchFig.9-1 Components of a typical automatic transmissionAutomatic Transmission(AT)The torque converter is a metal case which is shaped like a sphere that has been flattened on opposite sides,it is bolted to the rear end of the engines crankshaft
9、.Generally,the entire metal case rotates at engine speed and serves as the engines flywheel.The case contains three sets of blades(Fig.9-2).One set is attached directly to the case.This set forms the torus or pump.Another set is directly connected to the output shaft,and forms the turbine.The third
10、set is mounted on a hub which,in turn,is mounted on a stationary shaft through a one-way clutch.This third set is known as the stator.A pump,which is driven by the converter hub at engine speed,keeps the torque converter full of automatic transmission fluid at all times.Fluid flows continuously thro
11、ugh the unit to provide cooling.Under low speed acceleration,the torque converter functions as follows:Automatic Transmission(AT)Automatic Transmission(AT)The torus is turning faster than the turbine.It picks up fluid at the center of the converter and,through centrifugal force,slings it outward.Sin
12、ce the outer edge of the converter moves faster than the portions at the center,the fluid picks up speed.The fluid then enters the outer edge of the turbine blades;it then travels back toward the center of the converter case along the turbine blades.In impinging upon the turbine blades,the fluid los
13、es the energy picked up in the torus.Fig.9-2 The torque converter housing is rotated by the engines crankshaft,and turns the impeller.The impeller then spins the turbine,which gives motion to the turbine shaft,driving the gearsAutomatic Transmission(AT)If the fluid was now returned directly into the
14、 torus,both halves of the converter would have to turn at approximately the same speed at all times,and torque input and output would both be the same.In flowing through the torus and turbine,the fluid picks up two types of flow,or flow in two separate directions.It flows through the turbine blades,
15、and it spins with the engine.The stator,whose blades are stationary when the vehicle is being accelerated at low speeds,converts one type of flow into another 2.Instead of allowing the fluid to flow straight back into the torus,the stators curved blades turn the fluid almost 90 toward the direction
16、of rotation of the engine.Thus the fluid does not flow as fast toward the torus,but is already spinning when the torus picks it up.This has the effect of allowing the torus to turn much faster than the turbine.This difference in speed may be compared to the difference in speed between the smaller and larger gears in any gear train.The result is that engine power output is higher,and engine torque is multiplied.Automatic Transmission(AT)Automatic Transmission(AT)As the speed of the turbine increa
