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1、 UNIT 11 SUSPENSION AND STEERING SYSTEMSTEXT ABasic Parts and Types of the Suspension and Steering Systems PROFESSIONAL ENGLISHTEXT ABasic Parts and Types of the Suspension and Steering Systems Basic Suspension System Components Types Steering System Steering Gear Power Steering本次课学习内容本次课学习目标l掌握转向与悬
2、架系统的英文专业词汇l掌握转向与悬架系统主要类型l训练快速阅读能力，提高阅读速度NEW WORDSjarringd:ria.刺耳的刺耳的contourkntun.轮廓，等高线轮廓，等高线anchoragekridn.停泊地，抛锚地，固定停泊地，抛锚地，固定(支座支座)unibodyju:nibdin.整体式车身整体式车身obsoletebsli:ta.荒废的，陈旧的荒废的，陈旧的bumpbmpn.凸起，（曲线）拐点，肿块，撞击凸起，（曲线）拐点，肿块，撞击reboundribaundn.&v.回弹回弹descenddisendv.下来，下降下来，下降 oscillationsileinn.摆动
3、，振动，振荡摆动，振动，振荡depletedipli:tv.耗尽，耗尽，减少，放空减少，放空strutstrtn.滑柱，支柱滑柱，支柱imposeimpuzv.强加，征税强加，征税 restrestn.静止静止,支持物，其余；支持物，其余；v.搁在，保持搁在，保持(状态状态)softens(:)fnv.（使）变柔软，（使）变柔软，(使使)变柔和变柔和knucklenkln.关节，转向节关节，转向节pedestalpedistln.底座，基础底座，基础squeakskwi:kn.尖叫声，吱吱声；尖叫声，吱吱声；v.发出尖叫声发出尖叫声damperdmpn.减振器，缓冲器减振器，缓冲器confin
4、eknfainv.限制；限制；n.界限，边界界限，边界transversetrnzv:sa.横向的，横断的横向的，横断的parallelogramprlelgrmn.平行四边形平行四边形late-modelleitmdla.新型的新型的bolsterbulstv.支持，加强；支持，加强；n.垫子垫子easei:zn.安逸，不费力；安逸，不费力；v.使悠闲，减轻使悠闲，减轻pitmanpitmnn.矿工；连接杆矿工；连接杆NEW WORDSPHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSmake turns偏转偏转steel frame钢梁车架钢梁车架leaf spring叶片弹簧叶片弹簧coil
5、 spring螺旋弹簧螺旋弹簧torsion bar扭杆弹簧扭杆弹簧air spring空气弹簧空气弹簧ride quality乘坐舒适性乘坐舒适性shock absorber减振器减振器curb height全装备高度全装备高度control arm悬架摆臂悬架摆臂solid axle整体式车桥整体式车桥conventional front suspension传统式前悬架传统式前悬架Macpherson strut front suspension麦弗逊滑柱式前悬架麦弗逊滑柱式前悬架rubber bumper橡胶缓冲垫橡胶缓冲垫steering knuckle转向节转向节dependent
6、 suspension非独立悬架非独立悬架dead axle从动桥，非驱动桥从动桥，非驱动桥steering wheel转向盘转向盘steering gear转向器转向器parallelogram linkage平行四杆机构平行四杆机构rack-and-pinion steering system齿轮齿条式转向系统齿轮齿条式转向系统steering shaft转向轴转向轴manual steering人力转向人力转向power steering动力转向动力转向pitman arm转向摇臂转向摇臂PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSSuspension System If a vehi
7、cles axles were bolted directly to its frame or body,every rough spot in the road would transmit a jarring force throughout the vehicle.Riding would be uncomfortable,and handling at freeway speeds would be impossible.The fact that the modern vehicle rides and handles well is a direct result of a sus
8、pension system.Even though the tires and wheels must follow the road contour,the body should be influenced as little as possible 1.The purpose of any suspension system is to allow the body of the vehicle to travel forward with a minimum amount of up-and-down movement.The suspension should also permi
9、t the vehicle to make turns without excessive body roll or tire skidding.Basic Parts and Types of the Suspension and Steering SystemsSuspension System ComponentsVehicle Frame A vehicles frame or body must form a rigid structural foundation and provide solid anchorage points for the suspension system
10、.There are two types of vehicle construction in common use today:body-over-frame construction,which uses a separate steel frame to which the body is bolted at various points and unibody construction,in which the body sections serve as structural members.Unibody construction is the most common,but bo
11、dy-over-frame construction is still used on pickup trucks and large cars.Basic Parts and Types of the Suspension and Steering SystemsSprings The springs are the most obvious part of the suspension system.Every vehicle has a spring of some kind between the frame or body and the axles.There are three
12、types of springs in general use today:leaf spring,coil spring,and torsion bar.Two different types of springs can be used on one vehicle.Air springs were once used in place of the other types of springs,but are now obsolete.Many modern vehicles have air-operated suspensions,but they are used to suppl
13、ement the springs.Basic Parts and Types of the Suspension and Steering SystemsShock Absorbers When the vehicle is traveling forward on a level surface and the wheels strike a bump,the spring is rapidly compressed(coil springs)or twisted(leaf springs and torsion bars).The spring will attempt to retur
14、n to its normal loaded length.In so doing,it will rebound,causing the body of the vehicle to be lifted.Since the spring has stored energy,it will rebound past its normal length.The upward movement of the vehicle also assists in rebounding past the springs normal length.The weight of the vehicle then
15、 pushes the spring down after the spring rebounds.The weight of the vehicle will push the spring down,but since the vehicle is traveling downward,the energy built up by the descending body will push the spring below its normal loaded height.This causes the spring to rebound again.This process,called
16、 spring oscillation,gradually diminishes until the vehicle is finally still.Spring oscillation can affect handling and ride quality and must be controlled.Basic Parts and Types of the Suspension and Steering SystemsAir Shock Absorbers Some suspension systems incorporate two adjustable air shock absorbers that are attached to the rear suspension and connected to an air valve with flexible tubing.Air operated shock absorbers have hydraulic dampening systems which operate in the same manner as thos
