Module 1 EuropeExplanations for new words and phrases1.across: prep. 横过/穿过(表方向);(表位置)在…对面/另一边 from one side to the other导学P2-2-2My house is just across the street. 我的房子就在马路对面 同义词:opposite:n. & adj. & prep. & adv 对立面/物/人;对面/相反/对立的;在…的对面 联想:cross vt. & vi. 横过,穿过; crossing n. 跨越,十字路口 辨析:across “穿过;横过”,与on有关,表动作在某一物体的表面进行,常指从宽度意义上讲的“横穿;跨越”through “穿过”,其含义与in有关,表示动作在物体的空间内进行over “越过到(街道、马路、河流等)另一边去”,表示高于某物之上2.face: vt. 面向/面对/面朝;面临;正视 n. 脸;面 导学P2-2-1be faced with ... 面临/面对… hit sb. in the face 打中某人的脸He faced the difficulty with courage. 他勇敢地面对困难。
I was faced with new problems. 我面临着新的问题 拓展:与face有关的固定搭配:face the music 勇敢地面对困难;勇于承担责任 face up to sth. 勇于对付;大胆面对face to face 面对面地(做状语) facetoface 面对面的(做定语) be faced with+ n. 面临着… in the face of 面对;不顾…make a face (=make faces)做鬼脸;扮怪相 save one‘s face 保全面子 lose one’s face 失面3.range:n. 排;连续;山脉;(变化等的)幅度;(知识等的)范围;区域;射程v. 排列,使排队;(动植物)分布;(在一定范围内)变化,变动a wide range of 一系列… a full range of 各种… in/out of the range of 在/超出…范围in/within range 在射程以内,在…范围内 beyond/out of range 在射程外,在…范围外out of one‘s range 某人能力达不到的,某人知识以外的range from...to... 在…范围内变动,包括(由…到…)之间的各类事物range between...and... 在…和…范围内变动4.landmark: n. 标志性建筑 = an easily recognized object The Eiffel Tower is the landmark of Paris. 埃菲尔铁塔是巴黎的标志性建筑。
landmark 还有“里程碑;界石;地界标”的意思5.situated: adj. 坐落于(某处)的,位于(某处)的 in the stated(规定指定的) place 导学P3-3-2The school is situated just outside the town. 学校就位于镇子的外面 situate: v. 使位于;使处于 Situation: n. 建筑物等的位置;形势,立场,境遇搭配:be situated on/in/at. + n.:位于/坐落在…的;处于…地位(境遇、立场)的in表界限以内;on表界限以外并接壤;to表界限以外)be badly/well situated 境况困难/良好 be in an embarrassing situation 处境尴尬the international (domestic) situation 国际(国内)形势be situated in/on/to/at 位于…的located: adj. 位于 = situated in a particular spot or position location n. 场所;地点; locate v. 坐落于In which part of the world is the Great Wall located? 长城位于世界的哪一部分? 辨析:situated:adj. 可表方位,也可表人的处境。
located:adj. 只表方位有“确定某物位置,找出…的场所”之意Where will the school be situated/located? We located the island on the map.How are you situated? —Very badly.6.symbol: n. 象征;符号 = something which suggests something else 导学P4-5The dove is the symbol of peace. 鸽子是和平的象征 搭配:the symbol of sth. ……的象征;……的标志 the symbol for sth. ……的符号;……的记号 H2O is the symbol for water. H2O是代表水的符号7.architect: n. 建筑师 = a person who designs new buildings He was one of the architects of the bridge. 他是这座桥梁的设计师之一 拓展:architect 还可指“(任何计划的)设计师;发起者”。
architecture: n. 建筑学/…术/…风格/…式样 architectural: adj. 建筑学的,有关建筑的8.project: n. 计划;项目;工程 any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted The class are doing a project on the Roman occupation of Britain. 这个班在进行一项关于古罗马人占领不列颠的研究 同义词:task(工作/任务/差事),labor(劳动/工作/努力) 同根词:projection n. 设计;发射;投影 projector n. 放映机;投影仪;幻灯机 辨析:plan是表示“计划”的最常用语 program多指团体制订的计划或规模,比project规模大project与plan既指个人计划,又指团体计划,可互换,但与工程有关的多用project9.civilisation: n. 文明 = an advance stage of human development The history student hoped to compare the civilizations of ancient China and Japan.这个历史系的学生想比较古代中国和古代日本的文明。
civilisation:还有“文明社会;开化,教化”的意思,还可拼作civilization10.ancient: adj. 古代的 = in or of times long ago the ancients 文明古国The ancient art work of Egypt gives us some ideas. 古埃及的艺术品给了我们一些启示辨析:old, ancient和aged old:用法最广,可用于人、动物和事物常指生活或存在已久的人或事物;也可指早已认识的人,但不一定老还可表示“先前的,早先的”其反义词是young或 newancient:常指物,形容经历了久远的事物,很古老的时期或文明反义词modern,一般作定语aged:意为“老的”,相当于old如:an old/aged man老翁也可表示“…的岁”,与old可换用,只是位置不同如:five years old = aged 5五岁了11.opposite: prep. 在…对面 adj.对面的/相反的/对立的 导学P10-1n. 反义词,对立面/物,相反的人/事物 adv. 在对面。
The bank is opposite the supermarket. 银行在超市对面 固定搭配:on the opposite side of在…的对面 Our school is on the opposite side of the street. 学校在街道对面be the opposite of …的反义词 Right is the opposite of wrong. 对是错的反义词be opposite to在…对面,和…相反 His political position is opposite to ours. 政治立场与我们的对立be opposite from 与……相反;不相容 just the opposite 恰恰相反同根词:oppose: vt. 反对,对立 opposition n. 反对/敌对/对立/相反 oppositely:adv. 相对地12.sign: n. 记号,符号;迹象;征兆;痕迹 v. 签(名);做手势;做记号 导学P10-2traffic signs 交通标志 a sign of rain 下雨的预兆 talk by signs 用手势交谈make/give a sign to 对……做手势 sign in/out签到/签退 sign for/up签字领取/报名参加 sign sb. to do sth.打手势让某人做某事signature: n. 签名 put one‘s signature on/to the contract 在合同上签名13.agreement: n. 协议;契约。
= a written promise made between two persons or groups An agreement with the employers was finally worked out. 与雇主们的协议终于达成了 固定搭配:sigh an agreement with... 与…签署协议in agreement with同意,(和…)一致We are in agreement with their decision.我们同意他们的决定break the agreement 撕毁协议 由于你没有做你答应的工作,你已破坏了我们之间的协议You have broken our agreement by not doing the work you promised.14.govern: vt. 统治;治理 = to control and direct the affairs of(a cou。