英,语,Compulsory 3,Unit 2,Natural disasters,.,阅读理解,(2025,山东日照,),While its impossible to predict just where the next wildfire will start,new Department of Defensesponsored research from Brigham Young Universitys Fire Research Lab is getting into the microscopic details of how fires initiate to provide more insight into how wildfires burn through wildland fuels.,For their experiments,fire expert Thomas H.Fletcher and coauthors loaded leaves of 14 plant species into the crucible(,坩埚,)of a thermo gravimetric analyzer(,热重分析仪,)and slowly turned the heat up to 800 degrees Celsius.As they watched the leaves burn,they categorized the speed at which the plant broke down and the chemicals produced by the heat.They also compared the impact of two heat sources:convective(think of winddriven fires)and radiative(from burning plant particles or flames).,The research found that the chemistry of plants makes a big difference in how fast they break down before they start to burn.Thats important to know because the type of plants found on a mountain hillside may help predict how a fire will burn and how quickly it might jump to another plant species.,“Very detailed models that already exist take up to two weeks to run on very big computers and by that time,the fire has moved and its not in the same place anymore,”,Fletcher said.“Were aiming towards giving answers on how a fire might,propagate,in the next 20 minutes or half hour instead of the next two weeks.”,The studies are aimed at improving predictive models for both prescribed(,规定的,)burns and for unplanned wildfires.With wildfires costing the Forest Service and state agencies billions of dollars to control annually,any research that can help make fire management more efficient is a high priority.,“With all weve done to research them,fires are still out of control,”Fletcher said.“Our model cant prevent a fire,but it can help with decisions on how to manage fires so that when a fire starts,it doesnt blow up into a huge,uncontrollable fire.”,1.What is paragraph 2 mainly about?,A.The research subjects.,B.The research findings.,C.The research procedures.,D.The research objectives.,2.What does the research find about the chemistry of plants?,A.It affects the speed of a fire.,B.It is one of the causes of a fire.,C.It breaks down quickly in a fire.,D.It helps plants survive in a fire.,3.What does the underlined word“propagate”in paragraph 4 mean?,A.Explode.B.Spread.,C.Die down.D.Break out.,4.Why do the researchers develop the new model?,A.To make the most out of wildfires.,B.To control wildfires more efficiently.,C.To predict the outbreak of wildfires.,D.To prevent wildfires from happening.,答案及解析：,本文是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了杨百翰大学火灾研究实验室的一项新研究正在深入研究火灾如何引发的微观细节，以提供更多关于野火如何通过荒地燃料燃烧的信息1.C,段落大意题根据第二段,“,For their experiments,fire expert Thomas H.Fletcher and coauthors,and radiative(from burning plant particles or flames).,在他们的实验中，火灾专家,Thomas H.Fletcher,和合著者将,14,种植物的叶子放入热重分析仪的坩埚中，慢慢地将温度提高到,800,摄氏度当他们观察树叶燃烧时，他们对植物分解的速度和热量产生的化学物质进行了分类他们还比较了两种热源的影响：对流热源,(,想想风力驱动的火灾,),和辐射热源,(,来自燃烧的植物颗粒或火焰,),可知，第二段主要介绍了,Thomas H.Fletcher,和合著者开展研究的具体步骤故选,C,2.A,细节理解题根据第三段,“,The research found that the chemistry of plants,it might jump to another plant species.(,研究发现，植物的化学成分对它们开始燃烧前的分解速度有很大的影响。
知道这一点很重要，因为在山坡上发现的植物类型可能有助于预测火灾如何燃烧，以及它可能以多快的速度转移到另一种植物身上),”,可知，研究发现植物的化学成分影响其燃烧前的分解速度，进而影响火灾发生的速度故选,A,3.B,词义猜测题根据画线词所在句的上文,“,Very detailed models that already exist take up to two weeks to run on very big computers and by that time,the fire has moved and its not in the same place anymore(,现有的非常详细的模型需要在非常大的计算机上运行长达两周的时间，而到那时，火灾已经蔓延，不在原来的位置了,),”,可知，现有的非常详细的模型的弊端在于其耗时过久，导致无法对已经蔓延的火灾进行管理，再结合画线词的上文,“,Were aiming towards giving answers(,我们的目标是给出答案,),”,和下文,“,in the next 20 minutes or half hour instead of the next two weeks(,在接下来的,20,分钟或半小时内，而不是在接下来的两周内,),”,可推知，,Fletcher,的研究目的是在很短的时间内给出火灾如何扩散、蔓延的答案，确保模型的时效性，画线词意思应该是,“,传播，扩散,”,，与,spread,意思相近。
故选,B,4.B,细节理解题根据最后一段中的,“,Our model cant prevent a fire,but it can help with decisions on how to manage fires so that when a fire starts,it doesnt blow up into a huge,uncontrollable fire.(,我们的模型不能防止火灾，但它可以帮助我们决定如何管理火灾，这样当火灾发生时，它就不会蔓延成无法控制的巨大火灾,),”,可知，研究者开发该新模型是为了更有效地控制野火故选,B,七选五,(2024,河北衡水,),Unlike other natural disasters such as hurricanes,earthquakes are very hard to see coming,even for scientists._,1,_ Thus,specific practices for earthquake preparedness are necessary.Here are four steps you can take to prepare yourself in advance.,Drop,cover and hold,If you feel the ground start to shake,drop,take cover under a stable piece of furniture,and hold on.You can hide under something like a desk or table,with one arm holding on to a leg of the table and your other arm protecting your neck and head._,2,_ In modern homes,it is no stronger than any other part of the house and will not protect you from injury.,Make a family plan,_,3,_ Create a meeting pointsomewhere easy for everyone to remember,or you could also meet at home.Whatever plan you decide on,dont rely on your phone as your main。