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1、 船舶扣押管辖权问题研究 摘 要船舶扣押是海事请求保全中最重要的一种保全方式，它对于保障当事人合法权益、确立案件的管辖权等具有重要意义。进行船舶扣押的前提是要明确船舶扣押的管辖权，但扣船管辖相对于其他管辖有其独特的特征，且各国扣船制度也有很多不同之处，如果缺乏对各国扣船制度的了解，未能分清各种不同管辖的类型及其相应的管辖规则，当事人的合法权利就可能无法保障，甚至可能出现错误扣船的情况。而且船舶扣押管辖权对于案件的实体管辖权也会有较大的影响，所以扣押船舶常常会成为当事人择地行诉的手段。因此对于船舶扣押管辖权的研究在理论和实践中都有着重大的意义。本文共分为六个部分：引言部分，介绍了船舶扣押管辖权及
2、相关问题的研究现状，并引出文章的写作目的。第1章 是论述船舶扣押管辖权的归属问题。比较了英美法系和大陆法系不同的船舶扣押管辖权的归属及其理论基础，并介绍了国际公约和我国国内法的相关规定。随后论述了在当事人双方之间如果订立了诉讼管辖协议时，该诉讼管辖协议对船舶扣押管辖权的影响。第2章 论述了船舶扣押管辖权对案件的实体管辖权的影响。也是比较论述了英美法系和大陆法系下的不同规定。英美法系在其对物诉讼的理论基础下，使得船舶扣押法院一般可以因其扣船行为而获得案件的实体管辖权；但大陆法系下，扣船法院则并不能仅因扣船行为当然地取得实体管辖权。由于英美法系和大陆法系在此问题上有着较大的分歧，所以国际公约也就对
3、此进行了相关的规定以调和二者的矛盾，本章也给予了介绍，同时也介绍了我国国内法的相关规定。通过上述论述，得出了扣船管辖权许多情况下去都可以转化为实体管辖权的结论。但这种转化并不是绝对的，它还可能会受到其他的平行管辖、管辖协议、专属管辖、国际公约、不方便法院原则等的制约。第3章 论述了错误扣船索赔诉讼的管辖权问题。本章先比较各国有关错误扣船的不同认定标准及差异，表明了错误扣船索赔诉讼管辖权研究的必要性。随后比较了有关错误扣船索赔诉讼管辖权的不同观点，并从国际私法的一般原则看其管辖权的归属。之后介绍了国际公约和我国国内法的规定，并对错误扣船索赔诉讼管辖权中可能会产生的冲突的解决提出了笔者自己的看法。
4、第4章 综合上述论述，提出了我国扣押船舶管辖权的不足之处并给与了立法建议，包括确认诉讼中扣押船舶管辖权的归属，赋予接受担保的法院以实体管辖权，明确错误扣船索赔诉讼的管辖权归属和引入不方便法院原则。结语部分总结全文，简要重申笔者观点。关键词：船舶扣押，管辖权，实体管辖权，错误扣船 ABSTRACT Arrest of Ships is the most important maritime preservation, and it is also a important preservation method for the protection of legitimate rights and
5、 interests of the parties and to establish jurisdiction in such cases. The premise of arrest of ships is to identify the jurisdiction of the arrest of ships. But compared to other jurisdictions, the jurisdiction of arrest of ships has its own unique characteristics, and national arrest of ships syst
6、em are also have many differences, so if the parties lack of understanding of national arrest of ships system and unable to distinguish different types of jurisdiction and the relevant appropriate rules of jurisdiction, the parties may be unable to protect the legitimate rights and may even make the
7、 wrongful arrest of ships. The jurisdiction of arrest of ships also will affect the procedural jurisdiction. So arrest of ships often become the means of Forum Shopping. Therefore, the research on the jurisdiction of the arrest of ships have great significance in the theory and practice . This artic
8、le is divided into six parts： The introduction part，To introduce the research status of the jurisdiction issues relate to arrest of ships and the purpose of writing this article The first chapter discuss who have the jurisdiction of arrest of the ships. The writer compare of the common law and civil
9、 law on the jurisdiction of arrest of ships and their theoretical basis, and describes the international conventions and the relevant provisions of Chinas domestic law. Then the writer analyse when the parties entered into a jurisdiction agreement, how the jurisdiction agreement will impact the juri
10、sdiction of arrest of ships. The second chapter discusses the impaction of the jurisdiction of arrest of ships to the procedural jurisdiction. The writer also analyse the comparison between common law and civil law under the different provisions. Common Law have its theoretics in rem, under this the
11、ory, the general court who arrest ship can be obtained procedural jurisdiction over the case ; but under the civil law, the court can not obtained the procedural jurisdiction only because of the act of arrest of ship. As the common law and civil law have a considerable difference on this issue, so t
12、he International Covenant make some provisions related to these issues to reconcile the conflict between them, this article gives introduction about these provisions, also this chapter will introduced Chinas domestic law about the relevant provisions. Through this paper, it will obtained the conclus
13、ions that jurisdiction of the arrest of ships can be transformed into procedural jurisdiction. But this transformation is not absolute, it may be restricted by other parallel jurisdiction, the jurisdiction of the agreement, exclusive jurisdiction, international conventions, the principle of forum no
14、n conveniens and other constraints.The third chapter discusses the jurisdiction of the litigation claim of wrongful arrest of ships. This chapter compare the different standards of wrongful arrest of ships in different countries , that indicate the research for jurisdiction of the litigation claim w
15、rongful arrest of ships is necessary. Then compared the different views in the jurisdiction of the litigation claim of wrongful arrest of ships, and from the general principles of private international law to identify the ownership of its jurisdiction. Then introduce the provisions in international conventions and domestic law in China. The writer also put forward the views on the settlement of the conflict of the jurisdiction of the litigation claim of wrongful arrest of ships.The forth chapter sum up above discussion, through analysing Chinas pr
