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1、12013 年考研英语（一）真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this
2、 might seem like a strength that _1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2_ factors. But Dr Simonton speculated that an inability to consider the big _3_ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. _4_, he theorized that a jud
3、ge _5_ of appearing too soft _6_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison _7_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To _8_this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the _9_ of an appli
4、cant should not depend on the few others_10_ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonton suspected the truth was_11_.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _12_ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had _13_ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale _14_ numerous
5、 factors into consideration. The scores were _15_ used 2in conjunction with an applicants score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is _16_out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonton found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewe
6、es was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _17_ that, then the score for the next applicant would_18_ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to_19_the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been _20_.1. A grants
7、 B submits C transmits D delivers2. A minor B external C crucial D objective3. A issue B vision C picture D moment4. A Above all B On average C In principle D For example5. A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless6. A in B for C to D on7. A if B until C though D unless8. A. test B. emphasize C. shar
8、e D. promote9. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success10. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified11. A. otherwise B. defensible C. replaceable D. exceptional12. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured13. A. assigned B. rated C. matched D. arranged14. A. put B. got C. took D. gave315
9、. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather16. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced17. A below B after C above D before18. A jump B float C fluctuate D drop19. A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard20. A necessary B possible C promising D helpful42013 考研英语（一）答案Section I Use of English1【答案】A gra
10、nts【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。”第二句顺接上文，“乍一看这是一种优势”，that 引起定语从句，这种优势使人们具有一种能力，即能够做出不受外界因素影响的不带偏见的决定。B 选项 submit “服从，提交”，不能与 ability 连用，C 选项 transmit “传输，发射”，也不能与 ability 搭配，D 选项deliver “传递”，同样不能与 ability 搭配。A, C, D 无论从搭配上还是意思上都不合适。A 选项 grant 本身具有赋予，授予的意思。故答案选 A。2【答案】D external【解析】external 外部
11、因素和上文的 background information 同义复现，不考虑背景信息，不受外界因素影响。A 选项 minor 次要的，B 选项 objective 客观的，C 选项crucial 残酷的，D 选项 external 外部的，故答案选 D。3【答案】C picture【解析】第三题本句 but 引起句意转折。“但是 XX 推测不考虑大局会导致决策者被日常接触的信息影响而带有偏见。”首先注意到空前面有定冠词 the，指代上文信息，即不考虑背景信息、不考虑大环境。而大局，大环境的表达，此处选择 picture 是最贴切的。A选项 issue 问题，B 选项 vision 想象力，美景
12、都不合适，故答案选 C。4【答案】A For example【解析】通读后面的句子，提到了法官与被告，这明显是生活当中的一个具体的实例，故答案选 A。而 B 选项 on average “平均，通常”，出现的话，周围往往应该要出现数字。C 选项 in principle“大体上，原则上”，后面需要出现的是总结性的话语，D 选项5above all“首先”是用来列举条目，将 BCD 排除。5【答案】B fearful【解析】从句意上来看“例如，他们提出理论，认为法官不敢在罪行面前表现得太软弱，如果当天已经宣判五六名被告执行缓刑，那么他很有可能将下一个人送入监狱。A 选项fond of 喜欢，B
13、选项 fear of 惧怕，C 选项 capable of 有能力，D 选项 thoughtless of 考虑不周，故答案选 B。6【答案】B on【解析】根据句内的逻辑关系，在对待犯罪行为方面害怕表现出太软弱，在。方面，关于。的表达应该用介词 on，故答案为 B。7【答案】A if【解析】A if 表条件。B 选项 until 表时间，往往跟 not 连用，直接排除。C 选项though 表让步，D 选项 unless 相当于 if.not 。通读空格所在的前后句子，得出这两句之间的逻辑关系是表示条件的。8【答案】D test【解析】首先注意到 idea 前面有定冠词 this，很明显指代
14、上文提出的观点。而且跟上文以法官为例一样，下文“他们把注意力转向大学录取过程”也是上文观点的例证，目的是对上文的观点进行检验，而不是 A 选项“促进”，B 选项“强调”或 C 选项“分享”，故答案选 D。9【答案】D success【解析】A 选项 decision“决定”，B 选项 quality“质量，品质”，C 选项 status“地位”，D 选项 success“成功”。申请者的_不应该取决于同一天随机选到的其他几名申请者。接着下文讲到面试官面试 MBA 申请者的结果 results，因此第 9 题应该也有结果6的意思，与下文结合是达到正面的结果，因此答案是即“申请者的成功”。其它选项
15、带入原文重叠答案，与原义不符合10【答案】A chosen【解析】空格后面有一个副词为 randomly，随机地，既然是随机，那么选项 B 选项studied“研究过的”，C 选项 found “找到的” D 选项 identified“经鉴定的”就与randomly 是相矛盾的，全部排除。11【答案】D otherwise【解析】本题解题关键在于 but，通过 suspect 可以看出 Dr. Simonton 与前文意思相反，因此 otherwise 正好符合题意。12【答案】C conducted【解析】此外明显缺一个过去分词作 interviews 的定语，再看 by 后面的 officers，只有conducted（执行），符合语境，故为正确答案。13【答案】B rated【解析】本题末尾 one to five（从一到五），前面又有一个 on a scale（的范围）, A分配，D 排列语义上说不通，再综合后面的 factor（因素），对比一下，只有 B（划分等级），整合起来，即划分成一到五个等级，合情合理 C match 看似与 to 搭配，但也不符合文意，故正确答案为 B.14【答案】D took【解析】本题需联系整句话，takeinto consideration（考虑，涉及），从形式上来说没有问题，再从意义上来看，说“这个等级考虑
