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1、Lesson TwoLegal Profession法律职业1法律英语If there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers.Charles Dickens, British novelist倘若世上没有坏人，也就不会有好的 律师。英国小说家 狄更斯 C2法律英语Background 律师法官检查官法学教师法律职业变换频繁Harlan Fiske Stone3法律英语4法律英语Part 1 The BarBar法庭中将公众与法官、律师 及其他诉讼参与人分隔开的隔板。后来用于通指法律职业或律师职业。美国律师协会5法律英语6法律英语律
2、师美国 Lawyer Attorney Attorney at-law Counseler Counseler at-law英国 Barrister诉讼律师 大律师，出庭律师 Solicitor非诉律师 诉状律师，事务律师7法律英语The regulation of the legal profession is primarily the concern of the states, each of which has its own requirements for admission to practice. 对法律职业的管制主要是州政府的事。 各州都有自己的允许律师执业的条件。8法律英
3、语Most require three years of college and a law degree. Each state administers its own written examination to applicants for its bar. 三年大学 法律学位 书面考试9法律英语Almost all states, however, make use of the Multistate Bar Exam, a day- long multi-choice test, to which the states adds a day-long essay examinatio
4、n emphasizing its own law.各州律师联考 州综合问答题10法律英语The Multistate Bar Examination (MBE) is a six-hour, two- hundred question multiple- choice examination covering contracts, torts, constitutional law, criminal law, evidence, and real property. 11法律英语A substantial fraction of all applicants succeed on the
5、first try, and many of those who fail pass on a later attempt. 通过第一次考试的人很多，但通过第 二次考试的人很少。12法律英语In all, over forty thousand persons succeed in passing these examinations to the bar in their respective states. 每年各州有4万多人通过律师考试。 No apprenticeship is required either before or after admission. 在进入律师行业之前或之
6、后不需要有学 徒经历。13法律英语The rules for admission to practice before the federal courts vary with the courts, 在联邦法院执业的要求各州不同。 but generally those entitled to practice before the highest court of a state may be admitted before the federal courts upon compliance with minor formalities. 在州最高法院执业的人办理了一些无关 紧要的手续后
7、可以在联邦法院执业。14法律英语A lawyers practice is usually confined to a single community for, although a lawyer may travel to represent clients, one is only permitted to practice in a state where one has been admitted. 律师通常在一个地区执业可以代表当事人到其他州办理事务只能在获准开业的州从业15法律英语 It is customary to retain local counsel for matte
8、rs in other jurisdictions. 在其他管辖区保留当地律师的身份是一 种惯例。有些州曾把“本州居民”规定为申请律 师资格的前提条件。但联邦最高法院在 1985年裁定这种规定为非法。此外，在 美国担任律师的人并不必须是美国公民 。 16法律英语One who moves to another state can usually be admitted without examination if one has practiced in a state where one has been admitted for some time, often five years. 如
9、果一个人已经执业5年以上，那 么当他移居到另外一个州的时候， 通常不用再参加该州的律师资格考 试就可以获准执业。 17法律英语A lawyer may not only practice law, but is permitted to engage in any activity that is open to other citizens.从事律师业务参加任何其他公民可以参加的活动18法律英语It is not uncommon for practicing lawyer to serve on boards of directors of corporate clients, to en
10、gage in business, and to participate actively in public affairs. 在公司的董事会任职从事商业活动积极参与公共事务19法律英语A lawyer remains a member of the bar even after becoming a judge, an employee of the government or of a private business concern, or a law teacher, any may return to private practice from these other activi
11、ties. 律师在成为法官、受雇于政府或私营 企业或者成为法律教师以后，还保留 着律师的身份。他们可以放弃其他活 动，回来再做律师。20法律英语 A relatively small number of lawyers give up practice for responsible executive positions in commerce and industry. 有很少数量的律师为了从事工商业活 动而放弃律师业务。21法律英语The mobility as well as the sense of public responsibility in the profession is
12、 evidence by the career of Harlan Fiske Stone who was, at various times, a successful New York lawyer, a professor and dean of the Columbia School of Law, Attorney General of the United States, and Chief Justice of the United States. 律师教授 院长总检 察长首席大 法官22法律英语Harlan Fiske Stone1872- 1946Distinguished
13、jurist Harlan Fiske Stone was born on October 11, 1872 in Chesterfield, New Hampshire. 著名法理学家23法律英语 After graduating from Amherst College in 1894, he continued on to Columbia University from which he received his law degree in 1898. The next year he was admitted to the New York bar. 加入纽约律师协会24法律英语In
14、 1910 Stone became the dean of the Columbia Law School. In 1924 he was appointed by President Coolidge to be Attorney General. 哥伦比亚大学法学院院长司法部长（总检察长）25法律英语In 1925 he was nominated to the Supreme Court. While on the Court, Stone was a strong supporter of President Roosevelts New Deal legislation. Roos
15、evelt appointed Stone Chief Justice in 1941. Stone died in 1946 at the age of 73.最高法院法官罗斯福新政最高法院首席大法官26法律英语These is no formal division among lawyers according to function. 美国没有律师职业的划分 。英国： Barristers：出庭律师 、大律师、诉讼律师 Solicitors：诉状律师、 小律师、非诉律师 27法律英语there is no branch of profession that has a special o
16、r exclusive right to appear in court, nor is there a branch that specializes in the preparation of legal instruments. 美国： 出庭代理诉讼 准备法律文书attorney28法律英语 The American lawyers domain includes advocacy, counseling, and drafting. Furthermore, within the sphere broadly defined as the “practice of law” the domain is exclusive and is not open to others.
