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1、Unit 8 The Great Minds.Text A.explanation n. 解释；说明 His explanation was far from satisfactory. For all your explanation, I understand no better than before.in explanation of 对进行解释 Had he anything to say in explanation of his behaviour?explain v. 说明；解释 He explained his plan in some detail.imperfect ad
2、j. 有缺陷的；不完全地点；不完美 的 He had only an imperfect understanding of his task.perfect adj. 完美的；完全的；完满的；十足的 ；理想的 She is a perfect girl in every way.abnormal adj. 不正常的；反常的；变态 的；畸形的 An abnormal amount of snow fell here last week.normal adj. 正常的；正规的；精神健全的 Everything is absolutely normal.disability n.（某种）缺陷，障碍
3、Blindness is a very serious disability. 失明是非常严重的残疾。 Not speaking French in Paris is a real disability. 在巴黎不讲法语实在是一个缺陷。able adj. 能够的；有能力的；能干的 We shall be able to deal with all sorts of problem. ability n. 能力；才能 This is a task well within your ability. disable v. 使失去能力 Old age disabled him for hard la
4、bour. 年迈使他不能干繁重的工作。.adapt v. 适应（新情况） Experiments were made to adapt this variety of shrimp to fresh water. 人们进行了一些试验来使这种虾适应于淡水。 He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions.adapt to something （使）适合；（使）适应 adapt for 调整，使适合于；为改编.effective adj. 产生预期结果的；有效的 Advertising is often the most effective
5、 method of promotion. 做广告往往是最有效的推销方法。effect n. 效应；结果；影响；印象；效果 The medicine soon took effect. effect v. 使产生；引起 The temperature often effects a change of the state of matter. affect vt. 影响；感动；作用 She was deeply affected by the sad story.define v. 阐明；明确；界定 How do you define laziness?definition n. 定义；阐释；
6、清晰度 To give a definition of a word is more difficult than to give an illustration of its use.给一个词下定义要比举例说明它的用法困难。 My duties require clearer definition. The photo lacks definition.a walk of life 行业；职业；地位；阶层 She did not want her son to marry a girl in a different walk of life. During my twenty years w
7、ork, I met people from all walks of life.Text B.recall v. 记起；回忆起；回想起 Do you have any recall of that meeting? 你还记得那次会见吗？beyond recall 不可挽回；不能记起 The new law is now established beyond recall. 新法律现已制定，不得撤销。 recall to mind 回想起，回忆起，记得.production n. 生产；制造；制作 He knows everything about the production schedul
8、e. 他知道生产进度的一切情况。 produce n. 多指农产品（尤指蔬菜、水果等） This shop sells native produce. 这家商店出售土特产品。 Our chefs use only the freshest produce available. 我们的厨师只用现有最新鲜的农产品。 product n. 一般指工业产品，也可泛指各种各样的产 品 production n. 含义广泛，不同场合有不同的意思，可 表示“产品，产物” ，尤指人类智慧或艺术劳动的产品.competition n. 竞争；角逐 Competition between species is f
9、requency- dependent.物种之间的竞争是频率制约的。 Competition for the nomination was very petition, contest, match 这些名词均有“比赛，竞争”之意。. competition 多指体育运动中的各项比赛，也 指知识、技巧等方面的竞赛 Everyone in modern society faces keen competitions. contest 多指在音乐、书法、演讲等方面所进 行的比赛或竞争，其结果由评判委员会裁决 She won a gold medal for her fine performance
10、 in the contest.她在竞赛中成绩优异获金牌。 match 通常指体育运动项目的比赛，隐含势均 力敌意味 I am no match for her when it comes to language.在语言能力方面我根本不是她的对手。.instant adj. 立刻的；立即的 This behavior is so unexpected that it generates instant anger.这个行为是如此出乎意料，让人立刻很生气。 He often eats out at an instant Chinese restaurant.他常在一家中式快餐馆吃饭。instan
11、t food 方便食品；即时食品；速溶食品 instant coffee 即溶咖啡 instant noodle 方便面. biological mother 生母 He was eager to know who was his biological mother. dwell on 老是想着（尤指最好忘记的事） High achievers dwell on what they do well- and spend very little time evaluating themselves and their performances. 成功人士会细想他们做好什么并且花很少时 间去评价自
12、己和自己的表现。.情态动词 modal verb.modal verb英语中的情态动词有：can(could), may (might), must, shall(should), will(would), dare, need.1. can/could/be able to 1）can could 表示能力；可能 (过去时用 could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。I can speak French./He could sing that song in the past.be able to可以用于各种时态。They will be able to tell you the
13、news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。.2) 注意：could不表示时态 提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可 用could）。- Could I have the television on?- Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 3）can/could 在否定，疑问句中表示推测 或怀疑。He cant/couldnt be a bad man.(现 在）他不大可能是坏人。They couldnt have done in that way.(过去 .2.may和might 1） 表示允许或请求时，might 语气委婉些。Might/ May I come in
14、? 2）表示没有把握的推测；He may/might be at home.(现在）They may have done the homework.(过去）注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。 2） 成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不 定式，意为“不妨“。If that is the case, we may as well try. 典型例题Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will.3. must 1)
15、 must表示必须。You must leave now.2）must 的两个否定式Must we hand in our exercise books tomorrow? No, you neednt.May I smoke here? No, you mustnt.3)must 表示推测。must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测 ，意为“一定“。.A. must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的 推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或 行为动词的进行式。 You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了 。（
16、对现在情况的推测判断）比较： He must be staying there. 他现在肯定呆在那里。He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。 .B. must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要 接完成式。He is watching TV. He must have finished his homework. .must 和have to1) 两词都是必须的意思，have to 表示 客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上 的看法，既主观上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜 里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主
