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1、(定语从句)一个美丽的女孩 a beautiful girlbeautiful（形容词作前置定语）一个穿白色衣服的女孩 a girl in whitein white（介词短语作后置定语）一个正唱歌的女孩 a girl is singing whois singing（定语从句，a girl为先行词）定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短 语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代 ）词称为中心词。 形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作 定语要后置，翻译成“的”。另外名词、数词、 非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。Li Ming is a boy.Li Ming is a good bo
2、y .Li Ming is a good boy .形容词作定语介词短语作定语在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句 叫做定语从句。goodwith glasseswho is wearing glasses 句子作定语先行词引导词(关系词）从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.（被修饰的名词或代 词）（跟在先行词后，引 导从句的词） 修饰先行词的句子定语从句分析 结构：先行词+引导词+从句This is the card that Ive just received先行词引导词从句关系代词 关系副词who,that ,which ,whom, whose Whe
3、re, when,why定语从句：由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：在名词或代词后先 行 词： 被定语从句修饰的词引 导 词：引导定语从句的词 关系代词关系副词引导词的作用: (1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置做题一般步骤步骤二步骤二步骤三步骤三In which = where 步骤一步骤一先行词house，带入句子This is the house_ I live.关系代词词 关系副词词先行 词词句中作用省否who人主语语/宾语宾语 关系代 词词在句中 作宾语宾语 可 以省略whom人宾语宾语 which物主语语宾语宾语that人物主语语宾语宾语 whose人
4、物定语语 When时间时间状语语 where地点状语语 whyreason状语语 关系代词who, whom的用法 who和whom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中who在 定语从句中用作主语，whom在定语从句中用作宾语。如 ： I met a girl who knew your sister. 我碰到一个认识你姐姐的 姑娘。 In Berlin, he first met the woman whom he would one day marry. 在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟 她结了婚。 但是，用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常 会被省略或用who, tha
5、t代之。如： The person to whom I complained is the manager. 我向他投 诉的那个人是经理。 The person (who, whom, that) I complained to is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。关系代词的作用 关系代词whose的用法 关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在 定语从句中主要用作定语。如： She is the woman whose car was stolen. 她就是汽车被盗的 This is the house whose windows were broken.
6、 这就是窗户 被打破了的房子。 Mrs. Gray, whose children are in college, is trying to get a job. 格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。 His house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight. 他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。关系代词which的用法which：只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定 语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如： （1）She was not on the train which arrived just now.她不在刚
7、才到达的那列火车上。 （2）He never got back the money which he had lent him.他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。 which在引导定语从句，作宾语是可以省略： Is this the book（ which ）you are looking for？ (look for寻找) 这是你要找的书吗？关系代词that用法 一、指人的用法 that用于指人，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如： A driver that has knocked someone down must stop. 撞人的司机必须停车。 He is the man that
8、you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。 He is not that man that he was. 他已不是过去的他了。 二、指物的用法 that用于指物，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如： This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon. 这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。 She was annoyed by something that I had said. 她为我说的某句话而不高兴。 Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be.
9、 深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。the handsome the tall the strong the clever the naughtyboyThe boy is Tom. The boy who is handsome is Tom. The boy who is tall is Tom. The boy who is strong is Tom The boy who is clever is TomThe boy who is naughty is Tom. The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy is Tom. The boy h
10、as a round face.The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The man who sits in front of me is Tom. The woman got the job. The woman can speak Russian.The woman who can speak Russian got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. The t
11、eacher is famous.The teacher who is famous will give us a talk. The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind.(宾语) The woman got the job. We saw her on the street. The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yest
12、erday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.Ex: He is the teacher. The teacher can speak French.He is the teacher who can speak French. Do you know the man? He came to visit you today.Do you know the man who came tovisit you today? The lady stepped on his foot. He was dancing with
13、 the lady.The lady (whom) he was dancing with stepped on his foot. Do you know the man? You will visit him today. Do you know the man whom you will visit today?applethe red the green the small the bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe
14、apple which is green is big. Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat. The goat is eating her flowers. Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers. Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night. Can you lend me the book (which) you talked about last night.A plane is a machine.
15、It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man. I told you about him.He is the man (that) I told you about.关系词词注意: 从句中的谓谓 语动词语动词 要和 先行词词保持 一致that指人或物which指物who指人1、当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时 (1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world. (3) Al
