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1、1模模块块一一 Unit2 语语法法预习预习案案关系副词和关系代词一、关系副词 when，where，why关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1关系副词的基本用法关系副词 when，where，why 的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。如：(1)There are occasions when (on which) one must yield任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。(2)Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2、2when，where 引导定语从句需特别注意的情况 when 引导定语从句需特别注意的情况(1) 当先行词为 time，time 前面有序数词或 last 加以修饰时，应用 that 而不用 when 引导 定语从句，that 常被省略。如：This is the first / last time that I shall give you a lesson(2) 当 time 前面没有序数词或 last 加以修饰，既可用 when 又可用 that 引导定语从句。如：Can you tell me the exact time when / that the sports meeting
3、 will be held? where 引导定语从句需特别注意的情况 当 point，situation，condition，case，job 等词作先行词引导定语从句时表抽象的地点， 并在定语从句中作地点状语，应由 where 引导定语从句。如： I will show you the point where you fail. Can you think out a situation where this word can be used? He had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy. There are many ca
4、ses where this rule doesnt hold good. This is a job where you can learn something. 误用 when，where，why 的场合若先行词虽表时间、地点、原因，但在定语从句中不作时间、地点和原因状语而做主语 或宾语，属于关系代词范畴，应用关系代词 that 或 which，而不能用关系副词 when，where，why 引导定语从句。如： (1) I regret the days (that / which) I wasted in the woods(先行词在从句中作宾语)(2) Ill never forget
5、 the year 1976 which / that was full of sadness(先行词在从句中做主语) 二、介词+关系代词 (which / whom)1简单介词+关系代词 用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用 whom，指物时只能用 which；介词选择的依据主要 是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词 关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的 短语动词不能拆开，介词仍放在动词之后。如：The English play in which my students acted at the New Ye
6、ars party was a great success.2. 复杂介词+关系代词 用于此结构的关系代词有 which，whom。常用语该结构的复杂介词有: as a result of, at the back of, because of, by means of, in front of 等。如： Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other. We got to a house at the back of which was a large garden. We came across a
7、bad leader because of whom we suffered a lot. 3. 简单介词+关系代词+名词 用于此结构的关系代词有 which，whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句 子的含义。【注意】which 在这种情况下在定语从句中单独作定语，它所修饰的词是对先行词 起概括作用的词，如：time, city, reason, case 等。 In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. by which time many people have gone home. Excit
8、ement deprived me of all power of utterance, in which case I would but stand there, nodding and waving. Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight. Water boils at 100, at which temperature it changes to gas. I called her by the wrong nam
9、e, for which mistake I apologize. I once stayed in Nanjing, in which city I experienced many life stories.关于 whose 的例句，比如：This is the boss in whose department I have worked for ten years. 4. 表示部分的词语+of+关系代词 在此句型中，指人的关系代词只能是 whom，指物的关系代词只能是 which。表示部分的 词语常见有：不定代词 all，both，none，neither，either，some，any
10、，数词(含基数词，序数 词，分数和百分数)；数词+名词；the+最高级 / 比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语 many，most，few，several，enough，half a，a quarter 等。例如： The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of whom are women. The book contains 50 poems, most of which were written in the 1930s. 模模块块一一 Unit2 语语法巩固案法巩固案Grammar and usage (1) 一、单项选择 1Alec asked t
11、he policeman_ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident Awith him BwhoCwith whom Dwhom 2We will be shown around the city：schools，museums，and some other places，_other visitors seldom go Awhat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere 3The reason_ he failed was that he was too careless Ahow Bfor which Cfor th
12、at Dfor why24The school _I visited the other day was not the one _I once studied Awhich；where Bwhere；that Cwhere；which Dwhere；where 5We had to put off the picnic till next week，_ we would be free Awhen Bwhich Cat which Dwhere 6Living in the central Australian desert has its problems，_ getting water
13、is not the least Aas Bfor what Cof which Dfor whom 7In the dark street，there wasnt a single person_ she could turn for help Athat Bwho Cfrom whom Dto whom 8After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child Awhich Bwhere Cthat Dwhen 9The film brought the hour
14、s back to me _I was taken good care of in the far away village Auntil Bthat Cwhen Dwhere 10The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success Afor which Bat which Cin which Don which 二、用“介词+关系代词”填空。 11Are you interested in any of the songs_ youve listened? 12The boy _ I
15、went to the cinema last weekend is my best friend 13Tomorrow is a particular day _ his daughter will get married 14We cant live without the sun _ we get heat and light 15The teacher _ you have been waiting is coming around in a minute 16He is the person _ we talked at the last meeting 17The knife _ he cut things was lost yesterday 18The man is my neighbor _ I borrowed the raincoat 1ast Thursday 19On April 5, our class went cli
