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1、English Pronunciation for CommunicationA Practical Course for Students of EnglishByWang GuizhenFaculty of English Language & CultureGuangdong University of Foreign Studies,Stressed Words & Unstressed Words in a Sentence,What is a syllable? A word part and the basic unit of English rhythm What is a s
2、tressed syllable?ba NAAAAna Syllable 1 Syllable 2 Syllable 3 (short) (long) (short),Stressed Syllables & Unstressed Syllables,Stressed syllables are strong syllables. Unstressed syllables are weak syllables.Stressed syllables:are longhave a pitch changehave full vowel sounds.Unstressed syllables:are
3、 shortoften have a reduced vowel sound.,Strong and weak syllables,The vowel in a weak syllable tends to be shorter, of lower intensity and different in quality. father: the second syllable is shorter than the first, is less loud and has a vowel that cannot occur in strong syllables. bottle: the weak
4、 second syllable contains no vowel at all, but consists entirely of the consonant /l/. We call this a syllabic consonant.,Different types of weak syllables,The schwaa - attend, character, barracks, again, ballad, necklace, workaday, workable, elephantar - particular, molar, monarchyate - intimate, a
5、ccurate, desolateo - tomorrow, potato, carrotor - forget, ambassador, opportunitye - settlement, violet, postmener -perhaps, stronger, supermanu - autumn, support, halibutough - thorough, boroughous - gracious, callous,Any English vowel letter can be pronounced with the schwa /allowafiremenepossible
6、i/commandosupportu,4. Sentence stress,What to stress in a sentence?1.Information words are usually stressed: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. 2.Unstressed words are usually function words like articles, pronouns, possessives, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, and conjunctions.,Information words a
7、nd function wordsInformation words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. They give information about who, what, when, where, why, how They express the main idea or content of the phrase or sentence. They carry the message and therefore usually stressed.,Function wordsUnstressed words are usually f
8、unction words like articles, pronouns, possessives, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, and conjunctions. These words connect the information words to form grammatical sentences.,If you stress all the words in an utterance, you may sound unpleasant or even cause misunderstanding because1. You are giving
9、too much information, and2. English speakers usually stress all words only when they are impatient or angry.,The Distribution of English Stresses,1. Form words are typically unstressed. 2. Content words are normally stressed.3. Form words are stressed where contrast is expressed.4. Any word being re
10、peated is usually not stressed.5. No stress on words indicating facts of which both parties are aware.6. Some words never occurs at all except unstressed. 7. Stress can be idiomatic or habitual. The kettles boiling. The milkman called. The phones ringing.,8. Many stressings are idiomatic.9. Stress e
11、xpresses different meanings. Hes back again. 10. Further examples: - How many times? - Three times. London and districts around London. If you want to make good coffee, you must use plenty of coffee. - I want some money. - Youre asking me for money? (You must be mad.) - This pens useless. - Get a ne
12、w one, then.,The Tide Rises, the Tide Falls,The tide rises, the tide falls,The twilight darkens, the curlew calls;Along the sea-sands damp and brownThe traveler hastens toward the town, And the tide rises, the tide falls. Darkness settles on roofs and walls,But the sea, the sea in the darkness calls
13、;The little waves, with their soft, white hands,Efface the footprints in the sands, And the tide rises, the tide falls.The morning breaks; the steeds in their stallsStamp and neigh, as the hostler calls;The day returns, but never moreReturns the traveler to the shore,And the tide rises, the tide falls.,Thank you.,,
