《被动语态讲解及练习》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《被动语态讲解及练习（3页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、被动语态被动语态英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。今天我们着重讲被动语态。1. 定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。例如中文常说：我被他打，这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动，例如 It is not unusual for workers in that region to be paid more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式 to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”。2. 构成：be+
2、past participle(过去分词)(简称 P.P.)（+by+动作执行者）（过去分词的概念见上课）3. 当主动语态要被改成被动的时候，我们把原句的宾语提前，作为改句的主语，主语后置，作为宾语。因此有一点要注意，不及物动词由于不加宾语，没有被动形式，但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语，可以用被动。例如 The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived. Put是不即物动词，但 put out是及物动词4. 应用到各种时态和句型如下： 一般式（一般现在，一般过去，一般将来）：am, is, are, was, were, is g
3、oing to be , will be+done.ie. Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是：“环境一旦遭到破坏，需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do 作为及物动词有“引起，产生”的含义，do damage 的意思是“造成破坏”。主语 damage是及物动词 do的动作对象，谓语应当用被动语态。同样的，还有，I will mend the machine.相当于 The machine will be mended （by me）. 进行时（现在进行、过去
4、进行、将来进行）：be+being+P.P. ie.The classroom is being cleaned. 完成时（现在完成、过去完成、将来完成）：have/has been + P.P.：例如 The machine will have been repaired by 3 oclock this afternoon.再如：My homework has been finished. 其他时态依词类推，可得到结果。 情态动词的被动语态：主语 + 情态动词 + be 动词 + 动词过去分词，例如 Your teeth must be brushed. 不定式的被动语态：to be do
5、ne 例：The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.（确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。）、主动语态变为被动的几个特殊情况 有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带 to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把省略的 to加上，这类动词有 hear, watch, make, help, let等，如：The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成 My grandfather was made to work for 10 ho
6、urs a day. 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动，通常用 it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式，这类动词有：know, say, believe, find, think, report 等 是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句，更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换，但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此，在某些题目里，这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。例：At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junctio
7、n of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm.在这段文章里，a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Ma
8、ria Hospital 这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实，至于是由谁（某个过路人？或肇事司机？）送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出 treat这个动作的发出者，因为在医院，伤病员自然由医务人员处理，无须罗嗦。这样，这段文章就重点突出，条理清楚了。 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语，介词 to可以省略。如 His father left him this
9、 house.改为 This house was left (to) him by his father. 有些动词虽为及物，但宾语并非是动作承受者，不能转换，这些动词有 have, hold（容纳）,suit, fit, lack, become（适合）contain, cost, last, mean, suffice（足够）等。 当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动，如 I shook my head.我摇摇头。 当宾语为同源宾语（与主句指同一人），动名词，动词不定式或一个从句时不用被动。如 John enjoyed seeing the fil,. 在一
10、些固定说法中，有些名词和动词结合的固定说法，不能改We Chinese always keep our word. 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词，直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时，这些动词在意思上起状语的作用，没有被动 The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him. 表地点处所组织长度大小数量程度抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动. 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语,walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with,
11、 shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。 某些词用主动表被动：sell, miss, build, grow, look, smell, taste, sound, feel等被动语态练习1. The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time. (2007 海南卷)A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell2. Professor James will give us a lecture on the
12、Western culture, but when and where _ yet. (2007 浙江卷)A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided3. It is said that the early European playing-cards _ for entertainment and education.(2006 辽宁卷)A. were being designed B. were designedC. have been designed D. have desi
13、gned4. Although the causes of cancer _, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.(2006 山东卷)A. are being uncovered B. have been uncovering C. are uncovering D. have uncovered5. Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (2005 重庆卷)A. h
14、as been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused6. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. (2005 辽宁卷)A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called7. The moment the 28th Olympic Games _ ope
15、n, the whole world cheered. (2006 福建卷)A. declared B. have been declaredC. have declared D. were declared8. Why did you leave that position?I _ a better position at IBM. (2005 北京卷)A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered9. George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?No, I _. Did they have a big wedding?(2004 湖北卷)A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite10. The heros story _ differently in the newspapers. (2005 全国)A. was reported B. was reporting C. r
