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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)语气语气陈述：陈述：祈使：祈使：虚拟：虚拟：所说并非事实，而是想象所说并非事实，而是想象、假定或愿望假定或愿望试比较陈述与虚拟语气：试比较陈述与虚拟语气：1. If he comes, tell him to wait.2. If it rains tomorrow, they will not come.3. (Tom想打电话给想打电话给Ann，但不知道其号码，他说但不知道其号码，他说） If I knew her number, I would telephone her.4. If I were a bird, I would
2、fly in the sky.下达命令下达命令, ,提出要求（祈使句）提出要求（祈使句）叙述事实，提出疑问（陈述叙述事实，提出疑问（陈述, ,疑问疑问, ,感叹句）感叹句）虚拟语气的用法：虚拟语气的用法：（一）条件状语从句（一）条件状语从句were/didshould, would, could, might +dohad doneshould, would, could, might +have donewere/didwere to +doshould +doshould, would, could, might +do现在现在过去过去将来将来从句从句主句主句1. If I had tim
3、e, I would attend the meeting.2. If I were you, I should go abroad.3. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.4. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.e.g.were to comeshould come（二）（二）wish后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中（三）（三）as if/ though ,if only引导的从句中引导的从句中现在：现在：过去：过去：将来：将来：一般过去
4、时一般过去时(were/did)过去完成时过去完成时(had done)could/would/might/should +doe.g.1. I wish that I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.2. I wish that I had met that film star yesterday.3. She talks to me as if she were my sister.4. It looks as if our team will win.（四）（四）would rather(宁愿宁愿)后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中现在现
5、在/将来：将来：过去：过去：一般过去时一般过去时(were/did)过去完成时过去完成时(had done)e.g.1. Id rather you paid me now.2. Id rather you painted the wall green next time.3. If only I had taken his advice.（五）（五）Its (high) time that句型句型中中 (做做的时间到了的时间到了)从句谓语动词用从句谓语动词用过去式过去式或或should +doe.g.Its (high) time (that) we left (should leave).
6、（ 六）六）在四类词之后的名词性从句中，在四类词之后的名词性从句中，谓语动词为谓语动词为should +do (should可以省略可以省略)：命令：建议：要求：坚持：order commandsuggest, advise, propose, recommend(suggestion) (advice) (proposal) demand, desire, request, requireinsiste.g. 1. The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.2. The doctors order is t
7、hat she (should) stay in bed for a few days.3. The doctors order that she (should) stay in bed for a few days is right.试比较：试比较：2. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.1. The doctor suggested that she _ (stay) in bed .staywas2. We insisted that he _ (go) with us.1. He insisted that he _ (be) ri
8、ght.gowas虚拟语气虚拟语气在句型在句型在句型在句型 “ “It is important (necessary, It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .strange, natural) that . ” ” 中，中，中，中，that that 后后后后面的从句中的谓语动词用：面的从句中的谓语动词用：面的从句中的谓语动词用：面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + should + 动词原动词原动词原动词原形形形形 例句例句例句例句 1.1.Its Its necessarynecessary that we that
9、 we should haveshould have a a walk now. walk now. 2.2.ItsIts natural natural that she that she should doshould do so. so. 3.3.Its Its importantimportant that we that we should takeshould take good good care of the patient. care of the patient. 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在主语从句中在主语从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气 一些介词短语一些介词短语一些介词短语一些介词短
10、语, , 如如如如: :but forbut for( (要不是要不是要不是要不是), ), withoutwithout, , otherwiseotherwise( (否则否则否则否则), ), in that casein that case( (如果是那样如果是那样如果是那样如果是那样的话的话的话的话) ), , 表示含蓄的条件表示含蓄的条件表示含蓄的条件表示含蓄的条件, ,这时这时这时这时主句主句主句主句要用虚拟语要用虚拟语要用虚拟语要用虚拟语气气气气 Without your help, we Without your help, we would not have madewou
11、ld not have made such rapid progress.such rapid progress. 含蓄虚拟含蓄虚拟 特例特例If it hadnt been your help, we .(错综时间）混合虚拟错综时间）混合虚拟 特例特例If I had attended the meeting yesterday, I should know what to know do now.If I had attended the meeting yesterday, I would have met her.If I were you, I would have taken hi
12、s advice.(现在-过去）He would have taken part in the party, But he was busy. (事实-假设）倒装虚拟倒装虚拟 特例特例Were it Sunday, We would be free.= Should he come, what should we say to him?Had he worked harder, he wound have passed his examinationIf it were = If he should If he had worked 虚拟语气虚拟语气主句的主句的主语主语常是表示说话人常是表示说
13、话人愿望愿望(wish / desire)、建议建议(suggestion / advice) 要求要求(requirement / demand)、命令命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从句的等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用谓语动词用 (should) + do.Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.=：We suggest that you (should) be there on time.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在表语从句中在表语从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气同位语从句的同位语从句的先行词先行词常是表示说话人常是表
14、示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。等的名词。n nThe suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.n nDo you know the order that you (should) keep watch.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中在同位语从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气1.1.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. woul
15、d miss D. missed2. If I had known you were coming, I _ you at the airport. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. would have metExercisesAD虚拟语气虚拟语气3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.)3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened A. listened B. had listened C. should li
16、sten D. would listen C. should listen D. would listen4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell C. shall sell D. would sell5. I wish this bus _ to the university.5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. g
17、o B. went A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone C. has gone D. had goneBAB虚拟语气虚拟语气6. Simon looks as though he never _ a 6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(square meal(吃得饱吃得饱), though his parents ), though his parents feed him very well.feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. s
18、hould get A. get B. getting C. got D. should get7. He is talking so much about America as if he 7. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there._ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been A. had been B. were C. was D. been8. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any 8. I _ you some money, but
19、I hadnt got any then.then. A. would lend B. would have lent A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent C. could lend D. may have lentCAB虚拟语气虚拟语气9. Have you ever been to Beijing?9. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D.
20、 had A. have B. will C. do D. had10. I dont think it is the right time that you _.10. I dont think it is the right time that you _. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go A. will go B. went C. go D. must go11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, 11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it it looks as if it . . A. breaksA. breaks B. has broken B. has broken C. were broken C. were broken D. had been broken D. had been brokenDBC
