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1、1、 语法一致语法一致语法一致的原则是指主语为语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。但我们要注要与其相呼应。但我们要注意一些特殊情况；意一些特殊情况；2 2、 意义一致的原则：意义一致的原则：指谓语动词的单复数取决于指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念，主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志而不取决于表面的语法标志.3.就近一致就近一致谓语与靠近的那个主语谓语与靠近的那个主语保持一致保持一致.1、 语法一致语法一致语法一致的原则是指主语为语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。但我们要注要与其
2、相呼应。但我们要注意一些特殊情况；意一些特殊情况；1）以以along with, together with, with, as well as, rather than, in addition to, but, except , besides， like, including连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数以第一个主语为主。连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数以第一个主语为主。is Air, as well as water, _ matter.is2) 用用and 连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人、连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用
3、单数，这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词后面的名词前没有冠词。A hammer and a saw _ useful tools.areThe poet and writer_coming.is3)成对的名词，如成对的名词，如bread and butter涂黄油的涂黄油的 面包，面包，soda and water汽水，汽水，coffee and milk 加牛奶的咖啡，加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end目的，目的，salt and water 盐开水等，虽然有盐开水等，虽然有and连接，但仍表单一概念，作主连接，但仍表单一概念，作主 语时，谓语用单数。语时，谓语用单数。 A knife a
4、nd fork _ on the table. Whisky and soda _ always his favorite drink.isis4)如果主语是由如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，但连接的两个单数名词，但前面有前面有each, every, no 等词修饰时，谓语用等词修饰时，谓语用单数。单数。Every boy and every girl in this village _ taught to read and write.No student and no teacher _ invited to the party. isis5)表示表示度量、价格、时间度量、价格、时
5、间的复数名词词组作主的复数名词词组作主语时一被看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。语时一被看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。 Ten miles _ a good distance.is6) 动名词动名词, 动词不定式或从句动词不定式或从句作主语，作主语， 其谓语用单数形式。其谓语用单数形式。Serving the people _ my greatest happiness.To master a foreign language _ very important.When well go out for an outing _ been decidedisishasntWhat we want _
6、another 20 people.are7)主语是主语是“each of ”，时，其谓语用单数。时，其谓语用单数。 复数名词复数名词+ each作主语作主语, 谓语动词用复数谓语动词用复数.They each _ an English dictionary.Each of us _ something to say.havehas8)主语是主语是none, neither, no等既可表示复数意等既可表示复数意 义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。但在代表义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。但在代表 不可数概念时不可数概念时,谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数.None of us_ perf
7、ect.None of us _ good swimmers.None of us _ a good swimmer.None of this _ me.(worry)are/isareisworries9)不定代词不定代词all, more, most, any, 等以及名词等以及名词half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。 Most of the apples_ rotten.Most of the apple _ eaten.werewas1o)“a number of + 名词复
8、数名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数；作主语，谓语用复数； “ the number of + 名词复数名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。作主语，谓语用单数。A number of pupils _ reading picture-books. (like)The number of deer, lions and wild roses _ not change much if people leave things as they are.doeslike12)“的几分之几的几分之几”和和“的百分之几的百分之几” 作主语时，其谓语用单数或复数取决于作主语时，其谓语用单数或复数取决于 of 后的名词。后
9、的名词。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth _ sea. 40 percent of the students in our class _ girls.isare13)主语是表示数量的主语是表示数量的“one and a half +复数名词复数名词”，其谓语用单数形式，其谓语用单数形式 主语是主语是“one or two + 复数名词复数名词”， 其谓语用复数形式。其谓语用复数形式。 One and a half bananas _ left on the table. There _ one or two things Id like to
10、 know about.isare14) 由由 many a 或或 more than + 单数单数名词作名词作 主语时，其谓语用单数形式。主语时，其谓语用单数形式。 Many a foreigner _ been to the Great Wall. More than one student _ visited the exhibition. hashas I, who _ your teacher, will teach you everything I know.She is the only one of these women who _ the violin. (play)amp
11、lays15) 在定语从句中主语是关系代词在定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which, 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。16) “one of + 复数名词复数名词 + 定语从句定语从句”之前有之前有the only, the very, the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。17)主语是主语是a / this / that kind of +名词名词，谓语与，谓语与 kind保持一致保持一致. 名词名词+ a / this / that kind , 谓语与名词保持谓语与名词保
12、持 一致。一致。 This kind of cloth _ soft. (feel)There _ different kinds of animals.This kind of actors_ easily found.Actors of this kind _ easily found.feelsareareis18) 算式中表示数目的主语通常看作单数，算式中表示数目的主语通常看作单数， 其谓语常用单数形式，也可用复数。其谓语常用单数形式，也可用复数。Five times four is (are) twenty. 2 2、 意义一致的原则：意义一致的原则：指谓语动词的单复数取决于指谓语动
13、词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念，主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志而不取决于表面的语法标志. 类似这样的集体名词有：类似这样的集体名词有： family, class, audience, committee （委员会）委员会）, crowd, crew, group, party, population, team, public, council （理事会）理事会）, village等。等。 His family _ all music lovers.His family _ very big. . areis1)某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。如果这些集某些集体名词后可跟动词
14、单数或复数。如果这些集体名词指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；指具体名词指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；指具体成员时用复数。体成员时用复数。2)主语是一些只有复数形式的名词，如主语是一些只有复数形式的名词，如clothes, trousers, glasses, compasses, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves等时，谓语用复数。等时，谓语用复数。但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有a pair of修饰时，谓语用单数。修饰时，谓语用单数。 My trousers _ new; There _ a pair of shoes in the bo
15、x.areis3)主语是以主语是以-ics 结尾的学科名词结尾的学科名词mathematics, politics, physics以及以及news, works (工厂工厂)和用作书名和用作书名The Arabian Nights、报纸名报纸名The new York Times国名国名The United States等都属复数等都属复数形式形式，而意义单数的名词，而意义单数的名词，其谓语用单数形式。另外其谓语用单数形式。另外means一词单复数同形应视一词单复数同形应视具体情况而定。具体情况而定。 Mathematics _ to be difficult to learn. (seem
16、) A new means of teaching _ being used in that school. The United States _ a developed country. 注：注：学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时，谓语常用复数。学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时，谓语常用复数。My mathematics _ weak.isseemsisare3) the +形容词或分词作主语时，如指一类人。其谓语用形容词或分词作主语时，如指一类人。其谓语用 复数，如指抽象概念，其谓语用单数复数，如指抽象概念，其谓语用单数. The rich _ not always happy. The new
17、_ sure to replace the old.areis3.就近一致就近一致谓语与靠近的那个主语谓语与靠近的那个主语保持一致保持一致.1) 由由here, there, where 引导的倒装句中引导的倒装句中.1)Here_ the bus.2)There _ a pen and two books on the table.3)Where _ your wife and children ? comesisis2) 由由or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接的并列主语等连接的并列主语.1)Neither the students n
18、or the teacher _ anything about it.2)He or you _taken my pen.knowshave 1.A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered2. On the wall_ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging3.Not only I but also Jane and Ma
19、ry _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be4. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 5. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept 6. There _ a lot of milk in the bottle. A.
20、are B. is C. were D. has 32. Whats the _ of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? （2008福建） A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion11. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of _ like coal, gas and oil. （2008天津卷） A. fuels B. articles C. goods D.
21、products34. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real_.（2008山东） A. exchange B. bargain C. trade D. business27. Shall we go out for a walk? Sorry. This is not the right _ to invite me. I am too tired to walk. （2008江西卷） A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance21. The young man mad
22、e a _ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.(2008湖北卷) A. prediction B. promise C. plan D. contribution22. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_(2008湖北卷) A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon24. To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our _” （2008安徽卷） A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices
