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1、山东省安丘市第二中学 马坤考点梳理：考点梳理：2013山东高考英语考试说明阅读方面要求考生能读懂书、阅读方面要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中并能从中获取获取相关信息相关信息。【百度搜索】【百度搜索】1、细节理解题、细节理解题(questionsofdetails)山东高考阅读理解常见题型山东高考阅读理解常见题型2、词义猜测题、词义猜测题(wordsincontext)3、推理判断题、推理判断题(questionsofinference)4、主旨归纳题、主旨归纳题(mainidea)1)
2、What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)What is mainly discussed in the text?3)What does the paragraph mainly talk about?4)Whats the main idea /topic of the article? 主旨归纳题主旨归纳题常见的提问形式常见的提问形式:Howtogetthemainideaofaparagraph?应对策略一：应对策略一：试一试试一试1Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingthe
3、ylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoem
4、thatbeginsTwinkle,twinkle,littlestarorrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.2Springiscoming,anditistimeforthoseabouttograduatetolookforjobs.Competitionistough,sojobseekersmustcarefullyconsidertheirpersonalchoices.Whateverwearewearing，ourfamilyandfriendsmayacceptus,buttheworkplacem
5、aynot.3LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation.ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth,andtheyreasonablyand
6、rightfullywanttohavebetterlives,ratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival.Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved,thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials,andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide,theargumentgoes,thereisnofurtherreasonnot
7、todoso.Beinguntouchedisnot,initself,acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers.WhatisthemainideaofthePara.?A.Theexploitationisnecessaryforthepoorpeople.B.Wildernessescannotguaranteebetteruseofrawmaterials.C.Usefulservicesofwildernessesarenotthereasonfornoexploitation.D.Allthecharacteristicsconcerning
8、theexploitationshouldbetreatedequally.4JaneGoodallhasachievedeverythingshewantedtodo:workingwithanimalsintheirownenvironment,gainingadoctorsdegreeandshowingthatwomencanliveintheforestasmencan.Sheinspiresthosewhowanttocheertheachievementsofwomen.Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat_.A.JaneachievementsB.J
9、aneworkC.Janelife.抓住主题句，抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨。锁定文章主旨。主题句通常在：文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时在文中，也有主题句通常在：文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时在文中，也有可能没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。在很多情可能没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。在很多情况下况下,主题句如果在段首，其后可能有主题句如果在段首，其后可能有forexample,first,second等信息词等信息词.主题句如果在段末主题句如果在段末,其前可能有其前可能有so,aboveall,allinall,Onthewhole,inshort,therefore,thus,but,h
10、owever,infact等信息词。等信息词。段意归纳题做题方法：段意归纳题做题方法：小窍门：小窍门：段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句。段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句。作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。练一练练一练（请快速找出以下各段的主题句请快速找出以下各段的主题句）：）：(1) Haveyouwinterizedyourhorseyet?Even
11、thoughglobalwarmingmayhavemadeourclimatemoremildmanyanimalsarestillhibernating(冬眠).Itstoobadthathumanscanthibernate.Infact,asaspecies,wealmostdid.(2) Inthepast,withouttheartificiallightofthecitytobathein,humanswenttosleepwhenitbecamedarkandthenwokethemselvesaroundmidnight.Thelatenightperiodwasknowna
12、sTheWatch.Itwaswhenpeopleactuallykeptwatchagainstwildanimals,althoughmanyofthemsimplymovedaroundorvisitedfamilyandneighhours.(3) Accordingtosomesleepresearchers,ashortperiodofinsomnia(失眠)atmidnightisnotadisorder.ItisnormalHumanscanexperienceanotherstatofconsciousnessaroundtheirsleeping,whichoccursin
13、thebriefperiodbeforewefallanasleeporwakeourselvesinthemorning.Thisperiodcanbeextraordinarilycreativetimeforsomepeople.Theimpressiveinventor,ThomasEdison,usedthisstatetohituponmanyofhisnewideas.How to get the main idea of a passage?应对策略二：应对策略二：PassageReadingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimproveth
14、eirliteracyskills(读写能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoInternationalTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliterac
15、yinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,man
16、agerofthechildrensdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildrensdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.Theprogramwassosuccess
17、fulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.ExampleandsuccessoftheprogramPassageReadingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(读写能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersne
18、ededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacysp
19、ecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildrensdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildrensdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25
20、childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram59.What
21、ismainlydiscussedinthetext?A.Childrensreadingdifficulties.B.Advantagesofraisingdogs.C.Serviceinapubliclibrary.D.Aspecialreadingprogram.主旨归纳题做题方法一：主旨归纳题做题方法一：抓住段落大意，抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。概括中心思想。寻寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全，不能以偏概全，也不能
22、在概括时过于也不能在概括时过于宽泛，宽泛，要恰如其分。要恰如其分。练一练练一练（请快速找出以下各段的主题句）（请快速找出以下各段的主题句）：Coldweathercanhardonpets,justlikeitcanbehardonpeople.Sometimesownersforgetthattheircatsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter(住所住所)astheyare.Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime,thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingou
23、tdoors.Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness.Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.Keepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbad.Ifyouhavetotakethemout,stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyourecoldenoughtogoinside,theyprobablyaretoo.Iyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtime,makesuretheyhaveaw
24、arm,solidshelteragainstthewind,thickbedding,andplentyofnon-frozenwater.Ifleftaloneoutside,dogsandcatscanbeverysmartintheirsearchforwarmshelter.Theycandigintosnowbanksorhidesomewhere.Watchthemcloselywhentheyareleftoutdoors,andprovidethemwithshelterofgoodquality.Keepaneyeonyourpetswater.Sometimesowner
25、sdontrealizethatawaterbowlhasfrozenandtheirpetcantgetanythingtodrink.Animalsthatdonthavecleanandunfrozenwatermaydrinkdirtywateroutside,whichmaycontainsomethingunhealthyforthem.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tosolveaproblem.B.Togivepracticaladvice.C.Totellaninterestingstory.D.Topresentaresearchresult.抓
26、住主线和关键，抓住主线和关键，归纳文章中心。归纳文章中心。分析的分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后然后加以归纳形成主题。了解文章的结构，加以归纳形成主题。了解文章的结构，把握把握住全篇的文脉，住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。对这种能力的考查一般反映在文章辑关系。对这种能力的考查一般反映在文章的中心内容、文中某一段的大意或指代关系的中心内容、文中某一段的大意或指代关系的题目中。的题目中。主旨归纳题做题方法二：主旨归纳题做题方法二：Welco
27、metoyourfuturelife!Yougetupinthemorningandlookintothemirror.Yourfaceisfirmandyoung-looking.In2035,medicaltechnologyisbetterthanever.Manypeopleyouragecouldlivetobe150,soat40,yourenotoldatall.Andyourparentsjusthadananti-aging(抗衰老的)treatment.Now,allthreeoflookthesameage!In2035,thedevelopmentofmedicalte
28、chnologyYousaytoyourshirt,“Turnred.”Itchangesfrombluetored.In2035,“smartclothes”containparticles(粒子)muchsmallerthanthecellsinyourbody.Theparticlescanbeprogrammedtochangeclothescolororpattern.In2035,thedevelopmentofClothingtechnologyYouwalkintothekitchen.Youpickupthemilk,butavoicesays,“Youshouldntdri
29、nkthat!”Yourfridgehasreadthechip(芯片)thatcontainsinformationaboutthemilk,anditknowsthemilkisold.In2035,everyarticleoffoodinthegrocerystorehassuchachip.In2035,thedevelopmentofkitchentechnologyItstimetogotowork.In2035,carsdrivethemselves.Justtellyour“smartcar”wheretogo.Ontheway,youcancallafriendusingyo
30、urjacketsleeve.Such“smarttechnology”isallaroundyou.In2035,ThedevelopmentofAutomotiveTechnologySowillallthesethingscometrue?“Fornewtechnologytosucceed,”saysscientistAndrewZolli,”ithastobesomuchbetterthatitreplaceswhatwehavealready.”TheInternetisoneexamplewhatwillbethenext?Thesuccessofthenewtechnology
31、Welcometoyourfuturelife!Yougetupinthemorningandlookintothemirror.Yourfaceisfirmandyoung-looking.In2035,medicaltechnologyisbetterthanever.Manypeopleyouragecouldlivetobe150,soat40,yourenotoldatall.Andyourparentsjusthadananti-aging(抗衰老的)treatment.Now,allthreeoflookthesameage!Yousaytoyourshirt,“Turnred.
32、”Itchangesfrombluetored.In2035,“smartclothes”containparticles(粒子)muchsmallerthanthecellsinyourbody.Theparticlescanbeprogrammedtochangeclothescolororpattern.Youwalkintothekitchen.Youpickupthemilk,butavoicesays,“Youshouldntdrinkthat!”Yourfridgehasreadthechip(芯片)thatcontainsinformationaboutthemilk,andi
33、tknowsthemilkisold.In2035,everyarticleoffoodinthegrocerystorehassuchachip.Itstimetogotowork.In2035,carsdrivethemselves.Justtellyour“smartcar”wheretogo.Ontheway,youcancallafriendusingyourjacketsleeve.Such“smarttechnology”isallaroundyou.Sowillallthesethingscometrue?“Fornewtechnologytosucceed,”saysscie
34、ntistAndrewZolli,”ithastobesomuchbetterthatitreplaceswhatwehavealready.”TheInternetisoneexamplewhatwillbethenext?Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Foodandclothingin2035.B.Futuretechnologyineverydaylife.C.Medicaltreatmentsofthefuture.D.Thereasonforthesuccessofnewtechnology.Paragraph1:In2035,thedevelopmentof
35、medicaltechnologyIn2035,thedevelopmentofClothingtechnologyIn2035,thedevelopmentofkitchentechnologyIn2035,ThedevelopmentofAutomotiveTechnologyThesuccessofthenewtechnologyFuturetechnologyineverydaylife.d e t a i l sParagraphideasPassageidea注意干扰项的陷阱：1.以偏概全，干扰项故意片面地理解文章，把以偏概全，干扰项故意片面地理解文章，把文章中出现过的某一个观点当
36、成整篇文章的文章中出现过的某一个观点当成整篇文章的主题。主题。2.放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或者缩小。行放大或者缩小。3.偷换概念，文章讲的主题被换成相关但不偷换概念，文章讲的主题被换成相关但不同的主题。同的主题。Passage3much TV-watching can harm childrens ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to exa
37、mine the effects of television on children. WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoaccumulatingfindingsthatchildrenshouldnthaveTVsintheirbedrooms.(2010.辽宁卷辽宁卷)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.ComputersorTelevisionB.EffectsofTelevisiononChildrenC.StudiesonTVandCol
38、legeEducationD.TelevisionandChildrensLearningHabits答案答案.B正面肯定法：该文主要通过两项研究分析了正面肯定法：该文主要通过两项研究分析了“儿童看电视对他们学业所造儿童看电视对他们学业所造成的影响成的影响”,尤其是孩子的寝室里有电视机时对学业影响最大。文首第一段话和文尤其是孩子的寝室里有电视机时对学业影响最大。文首第一段话和文尾最后一段话都揭示了文章的这一主题，中间四段尾最后一段话都揭示了文章的这一主题，中间四段(这里省去这里省去)介绍了研究的对象、介绍了研究的对象、内容和结果。故选内容和结果。故选B。外延太大外延太大,概括性差概括性差偏离主
39、题偏离主题偏离主题偏离主题练一练练一练 Irelandhashadaverydifficulthistory.Theproblemsstartedinthe16thcenturywhenEnglishrulersfriedtoconquer(征服)Ireland.Forhundredsofyears,theIrishpeoplefoughtagainsttheEnglish.Finally,in1921,theBritishgovernmentwasforcedtogiveindependencetothesouthofIreland.Theresultisthattodaytherearet
40、wo“Irelands”.NorthernIreland,inthenorth,ispartoftheUnitedKingdom.TherepublicofIreland,inthesouth,isanindependentcountry.Question:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytell?A.HowtheIrishfoughtagainsttheEnglish.B.HowIrelandgainedindependence.C.HowEnglishrulerstriedtoconquerIreland.D.Howtwo“Irelands”cameintobeing. P
41、assage 1 巩固提高巩固提高TheIrisharefamousforbeingwarm-heartedandfriendly,OscarWilde,afamousIrishwriter,oncesaidthattheIrishwere“thegreatesttalkerssincetheGreeks”.Sinceindependence,Irelandhasrevived(复兴)itsowncultureofmusic,language,literatureandsinging.DifferentareashavedifferentstylesofoldIrishsongswhichar
42、esungwithoutinstruments.OtherkindsofIrishmusicusemanydifferentinstrumentssuchastheviolin,whistles,etc.Question: Theparagraphismainlyabout_.A.theIrishcharacterB.IrishcultureC.IrishmusicalinstrumentsD.afamousIrishwriterPassage2 youmaybemisguidedbecausethingsdontturnoutforthebest.Youmaybelievethatwheno
43、nedoorclosesanotheroneopens(forexample，youmayfailtolandanewjob，anotherchancewillcomearoundsoon),Wrong.Whenonedoorcloses,anotherdoorslamsinyourface.Thatsbitterreality. Q:What is the topic of the text? A. thingsdontturnoutforthebest. B. whenonedoorclosesanotheroneopens. C. Whenonedoorcloses,anotherdoo
44、rslamsD. Thatsbitterreality.阅读理解之主旨归纳备考阅读理解之主旨归纳备考1.把把“阅读理解阅读理解”放到放到“阅读表达阅读表达”中一起提高。中一起提高。2.结合阅读表达来练习，阅读表达题结合阅读表达来练习，阅读表达题经常会出概括标题经常会出概括标题主旨大意题主旨大意题Areyouanoptimist?Doyoulookatyourglassandseeitashalffull?Doyoubelievethateverycloudhasasilverliningandthatgenerallythingsturnoutforthebest?Doyoubelieveth
45、atifsomethingismeanttobe,itwillbe?Ifyoureplyyestoallofthesequestions,thenyouareanoptimist.Youprobablyareenthusiastic，cheerfulandoutgoing.Youmaywellbesuccessfulatworkandinlove.QuestionWhat is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words)Answer： Areyouanoptimist?Passage3 Thequestionis
46、:Whydotheyhavethisaddiction?Thereisntaspecificanswer.Somepeoplegoshoppingwhentheyaresad.worried,upsetorlonelyandtheywanttofeelbetter.Theyusethisactivityasawaytoforgettheirproblems.Shopaholicssaythattheyfeelmoreimportantandbetteraftertheybuysomething.TheyalsotendtohavethisaddictionwhentheyfeelguiltyQuestion:WhatisthemainideaoftheParagraph?(Pleaseanswerwithin10words.)Answer：Thereasonswhysomepeopleshopaholicshaveshoppingaddiction.Thepossiblereasonsforshopsholismshoppingaddition.Passage4ThankYou
