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1、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思20XX年学大教育艺考生课程语法第五十一讲同位语从句适用学科英语适用年级高三年级适用区域人教版课时时长(分钟)60 分钟知识点1.同位语从句的概念2.同位语从句的引导词3.同位语从句与定语从句的区分4.同位语从句中应该注意的考点教学目标让学生了解同位语从句的考点,并学会练会高考题教学重点1.同位语从句的引导词2.同位语从句与定语从句的区分教学难点同位语从句中应该注意的考点及同位语从句的引导词的选用精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思教学过程一
2、、课堂导入:教师读句子,让学生跟读:1、They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.2、We were very excited at the news that our team had won. 3、I have not idea when Chaplin s film will be on again. 4、The fact that women can work as well as men is clear. 5、Henry Adams made a promise that he woul
3、d not open the letter until 2 o clock. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思二、复习预习教师出示上节课预留的练习题,针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑,根据学生实际情况进行讲解分析;以提问、回顾的形式引导学生复习上节课内容;通过上面的句子导入本节课所要学习的同位语从句的知识点。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思三、知识讲解知
4、识点 1 :同位语从句的概念1、复习同位语的涵义同位语( the Appositive) ,是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面,解释说明它们的性质和情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。例如:(1) Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. ( 名词) (2) I myself will do the experiment. (代词) (3) She is the oldest among them six. (数词) (4) My sister, a beautiful and sweet girl, will get married tomor
5、row. (名词性短语 )精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思概念: 同位语是指对先行词起进一步解释说明的成分,如果这个同位语由一个从句来充当,则该从句就称之为同位语从句。在同位语从句中,需要使用陈述句语序。如:The news that Mr. Li will be our new teacher is true. 考点:同位语从句中,要使用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后。如:I have no idea what he wants to do next. 注意: 同位语从句
6、的先行词一般都是表示抽象概念的名词,如:reason, excuse, question, problem, idea, fact, story, promise, truth, suggestion, advice, request, news ,ask, order, reply, thought, report等。如:He has given me a promise that he will spent the summer holiday with me.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循
7、序而渐进 ,熟读而精思知识点 2:同位语从句的引导词常用引导词连词:that,whether 连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, which 连接副词 when, where, how, why 注意: if 不可以引导同位语从句。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思1、 由 that引导的同位语从句We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。They were worried over the
8、 fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。I ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。He referred to Copernicus statement that
9、 the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思【注意 1】在某些名词 (如 demand, wish, suggestion, resolution 等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如:They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。They expressed the wish that
10、she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。【注意 2】引导同位语从句的
11、连词that 通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如:He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2. 由 whether引导的同位语从句There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。Answer my quest
12、ion whether you are coming. 你回答我的问题:你来不来。The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。【注意】 whether 可引导同位语从句,但if 不能引导同位语从句。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,
13、在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思3、由连接代词引导的同位语从句Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗 ? From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters. After that I went back to work in a factory. Then I had no idea what a casino was. 从 1985年到 1990 年我是地方党部的教员。 随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。精选学习资料 - - - -
14、 - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思4、由连接副词引导的同位语从句I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急 ! 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - -
15、- - -第 11 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思知识点 3:同位语从句与定语从句的区分同位语从句与定语的从句的区别。如:The news that he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句)The news that our team has won is true. (同位语从句)在以上两句中,名词都是 the news , 其后的系表结构也都是is true, 但 that 所引导的从句却截然不同。很明显,在第一句中,从句that he told me对 the news起修饰限定作用,且that在从句中充当宾语,所以这个从句是定语从
16、句;而第二句则不然,that our team has won 起解释说明 the news的具体内容的作用,且 that在从句中不作成分,因此这个从句是同位语从句。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思1、意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来:We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高
17、兴。(news的内容就是 that he will come,故 that 引导的是同位语从句 ) We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that 从句是限制 the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的 news,故 that 从句为定语从句 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2、引导词的不同what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句
18、,但不引导定语从句。3、引导词的功能上的不同that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例that he told us中的 that就充当 told 的宾语。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思知识点 4:同位语从句中应该注意的考点当同位语从句解释说明的名词是表示建议、命令的词(如suggestion, proposal, order, demand 等)时,从句要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词为(
19、should)+动词原形, should可以省略:如: He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained. The suggestion that we (should) develop the natural resources in the region has been discussed. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思四、例题精析【例题 1】The notice came arou
20、nd two in the afternoon _the meeting would be postponed. Awhen Bthat Cwhether Dhow 【答案】 B 【解析】句意:会议将被推迟的通知下午2 点钟左右发布。分析句式结构可知,所填词语引导的从句_the meeting would be postponed 说明的是主语 the notice的内容,即同位语从句。由于从句与先行词 the notice被主句谓语部分 came around two in the afternoon分隔,从而加大了识别的难度。从句内容完整,不需要添加when或 how 作状语,也不含有不确
21、定因素,不能使用whether,故选 B 项。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思【例题 2】Modern science has given clear evidence _smoking can lead to many diseases. Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dwhere 【答案】 C 【解析】句意:现代科学已经提供了明确的证据, 吸烟能引发多种疾病。 smoking can lead to many diseases作名词 evidence的同位语从句
22、,解释evidence 的具体内容,而且同位语从句中主谓宾成分齐全,因而选择不作任何成分也没有任何意义的that 来引导。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思【例题 3】When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. A. since B. which C. that D. because 【答案】 C【解析】 本题考查同位语从句引导词问题。从句_ the war broke ou
23、t作 news的同位语,不缺少任何成分,用 that 引导。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思【例题 4】I have no idea _the journalist could have got his information from. Athat Bwhy Cwhich Dwhere 【答案】 D 【解析】根据语意 “ 我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的信息” 可知,此处应用 where引导同位语从句,解释idea的具体内容,所以这里选D项。精选学习资料 - - - - -
24、- - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思五、课堂运用【基础】1The question came up at the meeting _we had enough money for our research. Awhether Bthat Cwhich Dwhat 【答案】 A 【解析】句意:在会议上,是否有足够的资金能够用于研究的问题被提出。whether引导同位语从句解释question,符合语意。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 20 页,共 39
25、 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2His promise _he would give away half of the years income to the disabled turned out a lie,_made the public feel cheated. Awhich;what Bthat;which Cwhat;which Dwhich;that 【答案】 B 【解析】句意:他把年收入的一半捐赠给残疾人的诺言最后变成了一个谎言。that 引导同位语从句解释promise。第二空引导定语从句,先行词是前面的整个句子,因此用which。精选学习资料 - - - -
26、- - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 21 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思3There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_road conditions need_. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving 【答案】A 【解析】 本题选 A。去掉空格前的 involved in the popularity of privat
27、e cars可知空格前的名词problem 与空格后的从句属于同位语从句关系;又因为从句中的主语road conditions是物,谓语需用 to be improved或 improving 形式表被动关系。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 22 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思【巩固】1、Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.A. why B. w
28、here C. because D. that 【答案】D 【解析】本题题干中的介词短语for being absent from the class去掉后,空格前的名词与空格后的从句是解释或说明关系,且引导词不作从句的成分,故本题选D。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 23 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2、Nobody would stand out admitting the fact ,for some reason ,they lost the game. A.that B.which C.what
29、D.why 【答案】A 【解析】去掉题干中的插入部分for some reason及其前后的两个逗号,这样, 空格前的名词与空格后的从句是解释或说明关系,且引导词不作从句的成分,故本题选A。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 24 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思3、A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my 安徽) A.if B.when C.that D.which 【答案】
30、C 【解析】 答案 C。that引导同位语从句,解释a warm thought 的具体内容。 that只起连接作用,但不能省略。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 25 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思【拔高】1、Tomorrow is Tom s birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where 【答案】 C【解析】 本题考查同位语从句引导词问题。从句the party is to
31、 be held作 idea 的同位语, 根据自己意思“你知道聚会在哪里举行吗” ,从句中缺少地点状语,故选择D。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 26 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2、News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. A. which B. what C. that D. where 【答案】 C 【解析】 考查同位语从句引导词问题。从句_Wang Lin had been
32、admitted to Beijing University作News的同位语,且从句中不缺少任何成分,用that 引导。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 27 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思3、The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though 【答案】 C【解析】 本题考查同位语从句引导词问题。从句_ the
33、earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years作 fact 的同位语, 不缺少任何成分,用that 引导。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 28 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思课程小结本节课主要围绕宾语从句的五大考点进行讲解,即:1、同位语从句的概念2、同位语从句的引导词3、同位语从句与定语从句的区分4、同位语从句中应该注意的考点学生应该掌握并灵活地运用这些知识。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 29 页
34、,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思课后作业【基础】1.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. (2004 上海春季高考 ) A. which B. that C. what D. whether 【答案】 B 【解析】句意:和信一块邮寄的还有他的许诺:这个圣诞节他要来看我。由句子意思可知正好符合同位语从句的定义:从句的内容正是许诺的具体内容。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 30 页,共 39 页
35、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2.I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly. A. it B. which C. this D. that 【答案】 D 【解析】 she is crying loudly是the terrible noise 的内容,且 the terrible noise 不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 31 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思3、The news _ he wa
36、s kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 【答案】 B 【解析】句意:他被绑架的消息使我们很吃惊。The news 和 he was kidnapped 是同等成分, he was kidnapped是陈述句需要 that 来引导。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 32 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思【巩固】1、The problem will appear _a different welfare system will
37、be created. Aunless Bwhether Cuntil Dif 【答案】 B 【解析】句意:是否创立一个不同的社会福利体系这个问题将会出现。这是一个分隔式的同位语从句,根据语意可知用 whether来引导此同位语从句,表示“ 是否” 。if一般不引导同位语从句,故排除D项。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 33 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 34 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2
38、、It is difficult to fill the minds of kids with the idea _they must love study. Awhich Bwhat Cwhether Dthat 【答案】 D 【解析】句意:很难让热爱学习这个观念深入学生的内心。同位语从句不缺少成分,因此用that 引导,解释说明 idea。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 35 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思3、Word came _a gas explosion in a gold mine in Nor
39、theast China had killed a few miners,_shocked everyone. Athat;it Bwhere;that Cthat;which Dwhen;it 【答案】 C 【解析】句意:有消息说,在东北部的矿难中有数名矿工遇难。that引导同位语从句解释说明word,从句不缺少成分;第二空引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面的整个句子,故用which。【拔高】精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 36 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思1、Up to now,I havent got an
40、y idea _we should go on with the project. Athat Bwhether Cwhat Dwhich 【答案】 B【解析】根据句中的 “I havent got any idea”可知说话人不知道 “ 是否” 应该继续这项工程, 故选B,引导同位语从句,解释说明 idea的内容。 A项只起连接作用,没有任何意义,故排除。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 37 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2、Its not necessary to explain the truth _t
41、here is spring wind ,there is green grass. Awhich wherever Bthat which Cwhich when Dthat wherever 【答案】 D【解析】 the truth后面所跟的从句是说明其内容的同位语从句,用that引导,同位语从句中又包含一个wherever引导的状语从句。句意:只要是春风吹到的地方就有青草,这是一个不需要解释的真理。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 38 页,共 39 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思3、 Its thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story,believe it or not,_we got lost on a rainy night. Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhen 【答案】 B【解析】 句意:我还记得我们在一个雨夜迷路的事情。从句说明the story的内容,不缺少成分,故用 that引导。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 39 页,共 39 页