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1、Module 2My New TeachersGrammar 1. Lead-in(5m) Look at these sentences from the text . What do you notice about the Look at these sentences from the text . What do you notice about the verbs that followed the underlined verbs?verbs that followed the underlined verbs?1. But now, after two weeks, the c
2、lass really 1. But now, after two weeks, the class really likeslikes working with her.working with her.2. Ive always 2. Ive always hatedhated making mistakes or making mistakes or pronouncing a word incorrectly.pronouncing a word incorrectly.3. There are a few students who 3. There are a few student
3、s who keepkeep coming to coming to class late.class late.4. I think this is because he really 4. I think this is because he really enjoysenjoys teaching teaching Chinese literature.Chinese literature.Grammar 2. Practice (5m) Read the text again and find out the word followed by V+ing and make use of
4、 them .like avoid hate keep admit enjoylike avoid hate keep admit enjoy1.Butnow,aftertwoweeks,theclassreallylike _withher.2.She avoids_youfeelstupid.3.Ivealwayshated _mistakesorpronouncing4.Thereareafewstudentsinourclasswhokeep_to.5.Afewstudents admit_her.6.Ithinkthisisbecausehereallyenjoys_.Use the
5、se words to make your own sentences.Use these words to make your own sentences.Grammar 3. Practice (6m) There may be more than 1 answer. admitavoidconsiderdislikeenjoyfinishhatekeepadmitavoidconsiderdislikeenjoyfinishhatekeepimaginelikelovepractisestopsuggestimaginelikelovepractisestopsuggest1.Thest
6、udent_copyingfromotherstudents.1.Thestudent_copyingfromotherstudents.2.Please_talking.2.Please_talking.3.Haveyou_checkingyourwork?Itstimetogohome.3.Haveyou_checkingyourwork?Itstimetogohome.4.Youneedto_speakinginEnglishtomakeprogress.4.Youneedto_speakinginEnglishtomakeprogress.5.He_askingstupidquesti
7、ons!5.He_askingstupidquestions!Pleasemakemoresentences!Pleasemakemoresentences!一、形一、形式式主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式一般式一般式doingdoingbeingdonebeingdone完成式完成式完成式完成式havingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone过去分词只有一种形式。过去分词只有一种形式。现在分词:现在分词:二、二、功功能能1 1作表语作表语2 2作定语作定语3 3作状语作状语4 4作宾语补足语作宾语补足语5. 5. 现在分词的完成现在
8、分词的完成形式和被动形式形式和被动形式6. 6. 独立结构独立结构1作作表表语语。现现在在分分词词多多表表示示主主语语所所具具有有的的特特征征或属性;过去分词多表示主语所处的状态,如:或属性;过去分词多表示主语所处的状态,如:Thenewswasexciting.Thesituationisencouraging.Shelookeddisappointed.Heappearedsatisfiedwithmyanswer.Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.Dontgetexcited.注注:已已经经成成为为形形容容词词的的分分词词,可可以以用用very修修饰饰;没没
9、有有完完全全成成为为形形容容词词的的分分词词宜宜用用much或或quite,有时也可用,有时也可用verymuch,如:如:Imverymuchpleased.Hesverymuchworriedabouthishealth.注注注注:过去分词作表语时,应注意与被动结构的区别。过去分词作表语时,应注意与被动结构的区别。系表结构系表结构系表结构系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点;说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点;被动结构被动结构被动结构被动结构强调谓语动作,指主语所承受的动作。强调谓语动作,指主语所承受的动作。此外还有:此外还有:系表结构系表结构系表结构系表结构:a.常用一般现在或一般过去
10、时态;常用一般现在或一般过去时态;b.一般不带一般不带状语;状语;c.可以有不及物动词的过去分词。可以有不及物动词的过去分词。被动结构被动结构被动结构被动结构:a.有多种时态,常与主动语态的时态一致;有多种时态,常与主动语态的时态一致;b.可以带时间、方式或可以带时间、方式或by短语作状语;短语作状语;c.必须是及物动词。必须是及物动词。Thesmallvillageissurroundedbytrees.(状状态态)The small village was soon surrounded byenemysoldiers.(动作动作)Iminterestedinchess.Iwasinter
11、estedbywhatyoutoldme.Thesunisrisen.ThisnovelwaswrittenbyLuXunin1921.2作定语:作定语:单单独独作作定定语语,应应放放在在被被修修饰饰的的名名词词之之前前,如:如:touching story / leading cadres / shiningexample/comingweek/skilledworker/armedforces/boiledwater/steamedbreadBarkingdogsseldombite.Soon our respected and beloved leadersenteredthebanqu
12、ethall.注注:分分词词作作定定语语时时,意意义义上上接接近近于于一一个个定定语语从句,如:从句,如:developing countries = countries that aredeveloping a growing city = a city that isgrowingliberatedareas=areasthathavebeenliberated在在更更多多情情况况下下,可可以以用用分分词词短短语语作作定定语语,这这时时分分词词短短语语应应放放在在被被修修饰饰的的名名词词之之后后,在在意意义义上上也也相相当当于一个定语从句,如:于一个定语从句,如:Whoisthemanst
13、anding(=thatisstanding)bythedoor?Theybuiltahighwayleading(=whichleads)intothemountains.They are problems left (= which have been left)overbyhistory.HaveyoureadanyshortstorieswrittenbyLuXun?作作定定语语的的现现在在分分词词所所表表示示的的动动作作发发生生的的时时间间有有两两种情况:种情况:a.表表示示正正在在进进行行的的动动作作,(变变为为从从句句时时要要用用进进行行时时态态),如:如:Tell the ch
14、ildren playingplaying therethere (who are playingthere)nottomakesomuchnoise.Didyouseethemantalkingtalking(whowastalking)totothemanagerthemanager?b.表表示示经经常常性性的的动动作作,或或现现在在(或或当当时时)的的状状态态,(变变为从句时为从句时,用一般时态用一般时态),如:如:They lived in a room facingfacing (= that faced) thethesouthsouth.Thehousestandingstand
15、ing(=thatstands)atatthethecornercornerofthestreetofthestreetwasbuiltin1955.过过去去分分词词作作定定语语时时,过过去去分分词词所所表表示示的的动动作作可可以以在在谓谓语语所所表表示示的的动动作作之之前前发发生生,也也可可以以是是没没有有一一定定的时间性,如:的时间性,如:Isthisthebookrecommendedbyourteacherrecommendedbyourteacher?Themeetingheldlastweekheldlastweekisveryimportant.Heisamanlovedbyal
16、llovedbyall.Ihatetoseeletterswritteninpencilwritteninpencil.注注注注:如如果果所所表表示示的的动动作作现现刻刻正正在在发发生生,或或是是与与谓谓语语所所表表示示的的动动作作同同时时发发生生,可可以以用用现现现现在在在在分分分分词词词词的的的的被被被被动动动动形形形形式式式式来来表表示示,如:如:Themeetingbeingheldbeingheldisveryimportant.Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedherebeingdiscussedhere.注注注注:如如果果所所表表
17、示示的的是是一一个个未未来来的的动动作作,可可以以用用一一个个不不不不定定定定式的被动形式式的被动形式式的被动形式式的被动形式来表示,如:来表示,如:Themeetingtobeheldnextweektobeheldnextweekisveryimportant.Pleasetellmethesubjects toto bebe discusseddiscussed atat thethe nextnextmeetingmeeting.分分词词还还可可以以作作非非限限制制性性定定语语(相相当当于于一一个个非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句),这这时时,它它和和句句子子的的其其他他部部分分用用逗
18、逗号号隔开,试比较:隔开,试比较:AllmybrotherslivinginShanghaiarescientists.Allmybrothers,livinginShanghai,arescientists.Allthelettersinthedrawerwritteninpencilarefrommysister.Allthelettersinthedrawer,writteninpencil,arefrommysister.本节值得注意的问题:现在分词短语作定语时,本节值得注意的问题:现在分词短语作定语时,所表示的动作不能先于谓语所表示的动作,也不可以所表示的动作不能先于谓语所表示的动作
19、,也不可以表示将来。另外,一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语表示将来。另外,一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语,所以,下列句子都是错的:,所以,下列句子都是错的:HereisMr.LicomingfromBeijing.(应改为应改为whohascomefromBeijing)Thosehavingfinishedtheirworkcangohomenow.(应改为应改为whohavefinished)ThemangivingusalecturelastweekleftforShenzhenthismorning.(应改为应改为whogaveus)系动词的现在分词形式不可用作后置定语,此时系动词的现在
20、分词形式不可用作后置定语,此时要用从句来表示,如:要用从句来表示,如:Thosebeingbusybeingbusydonthavetogo.(应改为应改为Thosewhoarebusydonthavetogo.)HisbrotherbeingaPLAmanbeingaPLAmanis18yearsold.(应应改为改为whois)不及物动词的过去分词不可用作后置定语,若要不及物动词的过去分词不可用作后置定语,若要表示这个意思要用从句,如:表示这个意思要用从句,如:Theliondiedinthiszootheotherdaywasamotherlion.(应改为应改为which/thatdi
21、ed)3 3作状语:作状语:作状语:作状语:现现在在分分词词作作状状语语,表表示示陪陪陪陪衬衬衬衬性性性性的的的的动动动动作作作作或或或或伴伴伴伴随随随随情情情情况况况况,如:如:The children ran out of the room, laughinglaughing andandtalkingmerrilytalkingmerrily.Theystoodthereforanhourwatchingthegamewatchingthegame.Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaperreadinganewspaper.注注注注意意意意:a.分分词词表表示示的
22、的必必须须是是主主语语的的一一个个动动作作;b.分分词词表表示示的的动动作作和和谓谓语语表表示示的的动动作作(或或状状态态)是是同同时时发发生生的的;c.分分词词表表示示的的是是比比较较次次要要的的动动作作,对对谓谓语语表表示示的的动动作作或或状状态态加加以以说说明明;d.大大部部分分放放在在谓谓语语之之后;后;e.分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。现现在在分分词词作作状状语语,表表表表示示示示行行行行为为为为方方方方式式式式或或或或手手手手段段段段(这这类类状状语语可可以以放放在在句句首首,也也可可以以放放在在句句末末,有有时时还还可可以放在句中
23、。其他参考上述以放在句中。其他参考上述a-c),如:),如:FollowingtheguideFollowingtheguide,theystartedtoclimb.WorkingthiswayWorkingthisway,theygreatlyreducedthecost.TravellingbyjeepTravellingbyjeep,wevisitedanumberofcities.现在分词作状语,现在分词作状语,表示原因或理由表示原因或理由表示原因或理由表示原因或理由,如:,如:Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leavethemanote.
24、Not knowing her address, we couldnt get intouchwithher.Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldntaffordtosendtheboytohospital.注注注注:如如果果分分词词表表示示的的动动作作在在谓谓语语所所表表示示的的动动作作之之前前发生,则要用完成形式,如:发生,则要用完成形式,如:Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlett
25、er.HavinglivedinBerlinmanyyears,heknewthecitywell.现现在在分分词词作作时时时时间间间间状状状状语语语语(相相当当于于when引引导导的的从从句句),如:如:Turningaround,shesawapolicecardrivingup.Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Seeingthosepictures,hecouldnthelpthinkingofthosedaysinYanan.注注注注:这这里里分分词词表表示示的的是是一一个个极极短短暂暂的的动动作作,这这动动作作一一发发生生,谓谓语语动动词词所所
26、表表示示的的动动作作立立即即发发生生。这这类类分分词词一一般般放放在在句句首首。如如果果两两个个动动作作是是完完全全同同时时发发生生的的,多多用用when或或while+分词这种结构,如:分词这种结构,如:Becarefulwhenwhencrossingthestreet.Dontmentionthiswhilewhiletalkingtohim.注注注注:如如果果要要强强调调谓谓语语动动词词的的动动作作发发生生时时,分分词词的的动动作已经完成,这个分词要用完成形式,如:作已经完成,这个分词要用完成形式,如:Havingarrivedatadecision,theyimmediatelyse
27、ttowork.Havingheardthis,thewoman astronaut expressedhersatisfaction.现现在在分分词词作作状状语语还还可可以以表表表表示示示示结结结结果果果果、条条条条件件件件和和和和让让让让步步步步,如:如:Herhusband diedin1942,leavingherwith fivechildren.(结果结果)Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.(结果结果)Workinghard,youwillsucceed.(条件条件)Turningtotheleft,youwillfind
28、thepathleadingtothesite.(条件条件)Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone wasmovedbyhimalone.(让步让步)过过过过去去去去分分分分词词词词短短短短语语语语作作作作状状状状语语语语,可可以以修修饰饰谓谓语语,说说说说明明明明动动动动作作作作发生的背景或情况发生的背景或情况发生的背景或情况发生的背景或情况,如:,如:Builtin1192,thebridgeisover700yearsold.Ledbytheparty,thepeoplehaveimprovedtheirlivingconditionsgre
29、atly.Surroundedbyagroupofpupils,theoldteacherwalkedintotheroom.Thetrainerappeared,followedbysixlittledogs.过过去去分分词词短短语语表表表表示示示示原原原原因因因因(相相当当于于一一个个原原因因状状语语从句),如:从句),如:Thechildren,exhausted,fellasleepatonce.Hesoonfellasleep,exhaustedbythejourney.(=ashewasexhausted)过过去去分分词词短短语语有有时时可可以以表表表表示示示示时时时时间间间间(相
30、相当当于于时时间间状状语从句)和条件(相当于条件状语从句),如:语从句)和条件(相当于条件状语从句),如:United,westand;divided,wefall.(=When/Ifweareunited)Heated, water changes into steam. (=When / Ifwaterisheated)Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.注注注注:过过去去分分词词短短语语作作状状语语时时,前前面面有有时时可可以以加加上上when,if,while,though,asif等等连连词词,这这种种结结构构可可以以看看作作是是一一种
31、种省省略略的的状状语语从从句句(省省略略部部分分多多为为“主主语语+be的的多多种种形形式式”)。需需要要注注意意的的是是,省省略略的的主语必须和主句的主语相同,如:主语必须和主句的主语相同,如:If/Whenheated,waterchangesintosteam.Evenifinvited,Iwontgo.Wewillnotattackunlessattacked.The girl is very shy, and never speaks untilspokento.4 4作宾语补足语:作宾语补足语:作宾语补足语:作宾语补足语:现在分词做宾语补足语,如:现在分词做宾语补足语,如:Imso
32、rrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Hetriedtostarttheenginerunning.Thewordsimmediatelysetusalllaughing.注注:现现在在分分词词做做宾宾语语补补足足语语表表示示动动作作与与谓谓语语同同时时发生或正在进行,强调动作过程。发生或正在进行,强调动作过程。过去分词做宾语补足语,如:过去分词做宾语补足语,如:HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.Lastyeartheyhadthehouserebuil
33、t.When you speak English, be sure to makeyourselfunderstood.Youdbetterhaveyourshoesmended.注:过去分词做宾语补足语表示动作完成结果,并注:过去分词做宾语补足语表示动作完成结果,并有被动意义。有被动意义。现现在在分分词词做做宾宾语语补补足足语语时时,与与宾宾语语有有着着逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓谓关关系系,宾宾语语补补足足语语一一般般为为宾宾语语所所做做的的动动作作;过过去去分分词词做做宾宾语语补补足足语语时时,与与宾宾语语有有着着动动宾宾关关系系,宾宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者,如:语是过去分词所表示的
34、动作的承受者,如:Hesawanoldmangettingonthebus.Anoldmanwasgettingonthebus.IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.I dont want the children taken out in suchweather.Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.以以上上句句子子可可以以变变为为被被动动结结构构,这这时时,宾宾语语补补足足语语就就成成了了主主语语补补足足语语,与与谓谓语语一一起起称称为为“复复合谓语合谓语”,如:,
35、如:Wewerekeptwaitingforquitealongtime.Shewasneverheardsingingthatsongagain.Oneoftheglasseswasfoundbroken.有有些些动动词词既既可可以以用用不不定定式式作作宾宾语语补补足足语语,又又可可以以用用现现在在分分词词作作宾宾语语补补足足语语,有有有有些些些些动动动动词词词词只只只只能能能能用用用用现现现现在在在在分分分分词词词词作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语,这这些些动动词词是是:catch,keep,mind,prevent, remember, stop, start, smel
36、l, excuse, spy,send等,例如:等,例如:Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Wedbetterkeepthefireburning.Idontmindyoujoking.Ilikeit.Theheavyrainpreventeduscominghereontime.Idontrememberhimeversayinganythinglikethat.Wemusttrytostopthemgettingintotrouble.Hiswordsstartedmethinkingseriously.Canyousmellsomethingburning
37、?Theearthquakesentthechinaandglasscrashingtotheground.现在分词的完成形式和被动形式现在分词的完成形式和被动形式现现在在分分词词的的完完成成形形式式主主要要用用在在状状语语中中,表表示示动动作在谓语动作之前发生,如:作在谓语动作之前发生,如:Havingbeentheremanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.The delegates, having fulfilled their mission,arrivedbackinShanghai.注注:在在独独立立结结构构中中,也也可可以以用用现现在在分分词词的的完完成成
38、形形式,如:式,如:His comrades having all left for the front, hedidntwanttostayintherear.在在表表示示一一个个被被动动的的动动作作时时,如如果果这这个个动动作作是是现现刻刻正正在在进进行行的的,或或是是与与谓谓语语表表示示的的动动作作同同时时发发生生的的,就就可可以以用用现现在在分分词词的的被被动动形形式式。这这种种形形式式可可以以作作定定定定语语语语、状语状语状语状语或或构成复合宾语构成复合宾语构成复合宾语构成复合宾语,如:,如:Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.(定语)(定语)
39、Heaskedwhowasthemanbeingoperatedon.(定语)(定语)Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere.(宾语补足语)(宾语补足语)Asweenteredthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeingbuilt.(宾语补足语)(宾语补足语)有时还有完成被动形式,如:有时还有完成被动形式,如:Having been given such a good chance, howcouldsheletitslipaway?Beingaskedtogiveaperformance,shecouldntverywe
40、llrefuse.(状语)(状语)Beingprotectedbyathickwall,theyfelttheywerequitesafe.(状语)(状语)在用分词短语作状语时在用分词短语作状语时在用分词短语作状语时在用分词短语作状语时, ,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致致致致, ,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语, ,这种结构称为这种结构称为这种结构称为这种结
41、构称为: :独独立立结结构构独独立立结结构构可可以以表表示示伴伴随随动动作作或或情情况况,表表示示时时间间、原因、条件等原因、条件等,例如:例如:Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.(伴随情况伴随情况)Theshowerbeingover,wecontinuedtomarch.(时间时间)Somanystudentsbeingabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.(原因原因)Weatherpermitting,wellhaveanoutingtomorrow.(条件条件)All things considered, her paper is of greatervaluethanyours.Thejobdone,wewenthome.Thecompositionwritten,hehandedittotheteacher.