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1、2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The preserved food should retain palatable appearance, flavor, and texture, as well as its original nutritional value.问题1选项A.tastyB.stylishC.delicateD.notable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。palatable“美味的，可口的；愉快的”；A选项tasty“美味的；高雅的；有趣的”；B选项stylish“时髦的；现代风格的；潇洒的”；C选项delicate“微
2、妙的；精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；D选项notable“值得注意的，显著的；著名的”。句意：腌制食品应保持其可口的外观、风味和质地，以及原有的营养价值。题干提到“preserved food腌制的食物”和“flavor, and texture味道和质地”，可推知palatable在这里“有美味的”的意思，因此A选项正确。2. 单选题The coalition parties have asked the government to consider using more funds to help support the ailing market.问题1选项A.rapidly expandi
3、ngB.steadily improvingC.making changesD.having difficulties【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。横线单词ailing意为“生病的，身体不舒服的；病态的；处境困难的”；A选项“rapidly expanding”意为“迅速扩大的”；B选项“steadily improving”意为“稳定提高的”；C选项“making changes”意为“交换；更改”；D选项“having difficulties”意为“有困难的”。句意：联合政党已要求政府考虑动用更多资金，帮助支撑低迷的市场。由题干可知，the government to conside
4、r using more funds to help support the market（政府考虑动用更多资金帮助支撑市场），可以推测出市场的情况不好，出现了困难。由此可知，ailing在此处最可能是“处境困难的”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。3. 单选题He must not allow this unusual barrier to stop him from fighting against the enemy.问题1选项A.interiorB.obstacleC.interruptionD.interference【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。barrier“障碍，屏障；界线”；A选
5、项interior“内部；内饰”；B选项obstacle“障碍，干扰”；C选项interruption“中断；干扰”；D选项interference“干扰，干涉”。句意：他不能让这个不寻常的障碍妨碍他同敌人作战。根据句中“stop him阻止他”可知barrier在这里的意思为“障碍”，因此B选项正确。4. 单选题Above the trees are the hills,（ ）magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.问题1选项A.whereB.of whoseC.whoseD.which【答案】C【解析】语法题who
6、se引导的非限定性定语从句。whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。主句为“Above the trees are the hills”，从句的主语应为“山的绮丽景色”，原句为the river faithfully reflects the hills magnificence on the surface。句意：在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets he
7、ld by the Corporation, and _the Corporations statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.问题1选项A.defersB.curtailsC.triggersD.sparks【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“defers”意为“推迟；延期；服从”；B选项“curtails”意为“缩减；剪短；剥夺特权”；C选项“triggers”意为“触发，引起；开动（装置）
8、”；D选项“sparks”意为“发出火花；点燃；导致；求婚”。句意：1982年的石油和天然气法案赋予了允许处理公司持有资产的权力，并在供应天然气充当燃料的目的上，剥夺了公司的法定垄断特权，从而允许私人公司在供应方面竞争。由题干可知，横线后是the Corporations statutory monopoly（公司的法定垄断特权）而后文又说到to permit private companies to compete（允许私人公司在供应方面竞争），由此可以推测出应该是剥夺了公司的垄断特权，所以私人公司才能在供应方面竞争。因此B选项符合题意。6. 单选题They are meticulous i
9、n work, well aware a careless mistake will cost the company millions of pounds.问题1选项A.rather casualB.pretty slowC.very carefullyD.really considerate【答案】C【解析】考查形容词和词组辨析。meticulous“小心翼翼的；A选项rather casual“非常随便的”；B选项pretty slow“相当慢的”；C选项very carefully“非常小心地”；D选项really considerate“确实体贴的”。句意：在工作中，他们小心翼翼，很
10、清楚一个粗心的错误将花费公司数百万英镑。由题干中的“well aware很清楚”可知meticulous在这里为“小心翼翼的”的意思，因此C选项正确。7. 单选题The shop-assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of （ ）quality, hed tell them so.问题1选项A.minorB.humbleC.inferiorD.awkward【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项minor“次要的；较小的”；B选项humble“谦逊的；简陋的；低下的”；C选项inferior“差的；自卑的；下
11、级的”；D选项awkward“尴尬的；笨拙的；棘手的；不合适的”。句意：这位商店售货员对顾客很坦率。如果一件商品质量差，那么他就会如实地告诉他们。根据句中“quality质量”可知“差的”符合语境，因此C选项正确。8. 单选题Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth, wheat （ ）by far the biggest cereal crop.问题1选项A.isB.beenC.beD.being【答案】D【解析】语法题考查独立主格结构。前半句“Agriculture is the countrys chief source of
12、wealth”已经是个完整的句子，后半句没有关联词，所以不可能再出现动词，排除A和C，而“小麦”和be之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词being。句意：农业是这个国家财富的主要来源，小麦是迄今为止最大的谷类作物。因此D选项正确。9. 单选题Heavy rains were causing inundation and much damage throughout the country.问题1选项A.much inconvenienceB.serious concernC.overflow of waterD.human misery【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。inundation“洪水”；
13、A选项much inconvenience“很多不便”；B选项serious concern“高度关注”；C选项overflow of water“水的泛滥”；D选项human misery“人类的苦难”。句意：暴雨在整个国家造成洪水和很多损毁。由题干中的“Heavy rains暴雨”可推知inundation在这里有“洪水”的意思，因此C选项正确。10. 不定项选择题Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are ready to take on formal le
14、arning. Educators find that （71） toddlers are most likely to succeed during their school careers, （72） their younger counterparts are more likely to （73）. Kindergarten children who turn five during the （74） half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage when it （75） physical, emotional, social, and i
15、ntellectual development. Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten （76） to receive better grades and score higher on achievement （77） throughout their schooling experience （78） do those who begin kindergarten having just turned five. Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the （79） thing. It is easy to confu
