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1、13.4交织区域的分析 Weaving areas have been the subject of a great deal ofresearch since the late 1960s, yet many features of current procedures rely heavily on judgment. This is primarily due to the great difficulty in and cost of collecting comprehensive data on weaving operations. Weaving areas cover sig
2、nificant lengths and generally require videotaping from elevated vantage points or time-linked separate observation of entry and exit terminals and visual matching of vehicles. Further, there are a large number of variables affecting weaving operations, and,therefore, a large number of sites reflect
3、ing these variables would need to be observed.自20世纪60年代后期就对交织区域问题进行了大量的研究,然而，许多现行规程的特点主要还是依赖于判断。这主要是由于在交织运作方面的全面的数据收集存在极大的困难和成本 。交织区域主要涉及重要的交织路段长度和一般需要从较高的有利位置进行录像或进出口路端的时间分离观察及车辆匹配的视界。此外,存在大量的影响交织运作的潜在变量,并且，因此,许多的位置体现出这些变量需要能被观察到。The first research study leading up to the thirdedition 1985 HCM focu
4、sed on weaving areas 3. This unfortunate, as basic section models would be revised later, causing judgmental modification in weaving models for consistency. It relied on 48 sets of data collected by the then Bureau of Public Roads in the late 1960s and an additional 12 sets collected specifically fo
5、r the study. The methodology that resulted was complex and iterative. It was later modified as part of a study of all freeway-related methodologies 4 in the late 1970s. In 1980, a set of interim analysis procedures was published by TRB 5, which included the modified weaving analysis procedure. It al
6、so contained an independently developed methodology that produced often substantially different results. The latter methodology was documented in a subsequent study 6. To resolve the differences between these two methodologies, another study was conducted in the early 1980s, using a new data base co
7、nsisting of 10 sites 7. This study produced yet a third methodology, substantially different from the first two. As the publication date of the 1985 HCM approached, the three methodologies were judgmentally merged, using the ten 1980s sites for general validation purposes 8. A number of studies thro
8、ughout the 1980s and 1990s continued to examine the various weaving approaches, with no common consensus emerging 9-12.第一个主要集中于交织区域的研究是在1985年HCM的第三版之前3。这是不幸的,因为随后基本部分规程就被修改了，为了导致在交织规程审判的一致性。它项研究主要依靠20世纪60年代末当时的公路局的48台数据采集仪和专门为这项研究附加的十二台采集仪。这种方法导致的结果是复杂和重复的。后来的修改是作为20世纪70年代后期高速公路有关的方法的研究的一部分。在1980年,一
9、套临时的验定规程被TRB出版了5,它包含了最新修改的交织分析规程。它也包含了一个独立开发的方法，这个方法经常产生完全不同的结果。后者的方法在后续的研究被证明6。为了解决这两种方法之间的差异,20世纪80年代初期另一项研究被实施,利用由十个站点组成的新的数据库。本研究产生了另外第三个方法,它与前两个方法完全不同。当1985年HCM的出版日期接近时,这三种方法被融合了,使用十个20世纪80年代的站点作为基本确定的目标站点8。在20世纪80年代和90年代大量的研究继续检验各种交织分析方法,一直没有共识出现(9 - 12。It was, therefore, no surprise that a ne
10、w study, relying on some new data but primarily on simulation, was commissioned as part of the research for the HCM 2000 13. Unfortunately, the simulation approach was not particularly successful, and it yielded a number of trends that were judged (by the Highway Capacity and Quality of Service Comm
11、ittee of the Transportation Research Board) to be counterintuitive. The method of the HCM 2000, presented here, resulted from a further judgmental modification of earlier procedures 14.所以，不要对一项主要依赖于一些新数据进行计算机仿真模拟，并被委任作为HCM2000研究的一部分的新的研究而感到奇怪13。不幸的是,仿真方法不是相当成功,并产生了许多被判定为(被公路通行能力和服务委员会的服务质量和交通调查研究会)是
12、违反直觉的趋势。这种HCM2000的研究方法，一出现，导致较早的规程进一步地被审判修改14。13.4.1 Flows in a Weaving Area13.4.1交织区的流动In a typical weaving area, there are four component flows that may exist. By definition, the two that cross each others path are called weaving flows, while those that do not are called non-weaving flows. Figure
13、13.3 illustrates在一个典型的交织区，有四个流动组成部分可能存在。根据定义，两个相互交叉的路径被称为交织流，而另外那些被称为非交织流。如图13.3所示。Vehicles entering on leg A and exiting on leg D cross the path of vehicles entering on leg B and exiting on leg C. These are the weaving flows. Movements A-C and B-D do not have to cross the path of any other movement
14、, even thought they may share lanes, and are referred to as non-weaving or outer flows.从匝道A进入且从匝道D出来的车辆与从匝道B进入且从匝道C出来的车辆相互交叉.这些都是交织流。从A移动到C和从B移动到D不用以其他任何形式的移动来穿越道路，甚至认为他们可以分享车道，被称为非交织、外部流。By convention, weaving flows use the subscript w, while outer or non-weaving flows use the subscript 0. The larg
15、er of the two outer or weaving flows is given the second subscript 1, while the smaller uses the subscript 2. Thus:Vol = larger outer flow, pc/h, equivalent base conditionsvoz = smaller outer flow, pc/h, equivalent base conditionsvwl = larger weaving flow, pc/h, equivalent base conditionsvwz = small
16、er weaving flow, pc/h, equivalent base conditions按照惯例,交织流使用下标“w”,而外部或非交织流使用下标 0 。较大的两外部流或交织流给第二下标“1”,而较小的用下标“2”。因此: v（01）=大外部流，辆/小时，等效基本条件v（02）=小外部流, 辆/小时，等效基本条件 v（w1）=大交织流，辆/小时，等效基本条件v（w2）=小交织流，辆/小时，等效基本条件图中单词：Weaving Segment Flows 交织分割流Weaving Diagram 交织图解Figure 13.3: Flows in a Weaving Area and the Weaving Diagram 图13.3：交织区域的车辆流动和交织图解The schematic li
