自学考试英语(二)各个题型应试技巧一、完型填空(Cloze Test)应试技巧 完型填空是测试考生语篇理解能力和词汇运用能力的一种综合手段做完型填空题，考生必须具有扎实的语法基础、比较牢固的词汇基础以及良好的语感 1.做题步骤 1)通览全篇，分文体，定结构，知大意 做完型填空题，答题的关键在于准确理解短文的大意要做到这一点，就要分清文章的文体与行文结构本题的短文多为说明文或议论文，结构较紧凑，往往开门见山地提出主题，然后逐点说明或评议，最后小结所以做题前应浏览全篇，重点是首段、尾段以及每段的首句、尾句 2)初选答案，理脉络，顾前后，忌恋战 在掌握文章大意的基础上，根据上下文所提供的搭配、结构、语义等线索来初选答案初选时，要着眼空格所在的完整句子，瞻前顾后，重点解决与结构、搭配有关的小题对于个别词汇的考题，如果一时难以抉择，不要恋战，而是继续往下进行，往往进行到下文，对前边的问题就会有了主意 3)复读全文，核答案，句通顺，意要畅 题目做完后，要通读“完型”后的全文，核查自己所选的答案能否使文章连贯，语法正确如果你发现你所选的某个答案放在句中读起来很别扭，那么你的语感在提醒你对此答案要三思。
2.判断技巧 做完型填空题时，在遵循以上三个步骤的同时，还要注意解题思路或技巧 1)搭配判断法 根据对以往考试的分析，搭配型题目在完型填空题中占的比例最重搭配型问题主要测试常见搭配的熟练程度，比如说哪些词要搭配不定式、动名词或某种从句，哪些词必须与某个介词搭配我们在复习时要特别注意短语动词和介词的固定搭配 2)结构判断法 结构型问题主要包括句型、句式、连接词的选择等，解题时要运用句法知识，把握关键词，从而做出迅速正确的判断完型填空题目中有很多是利用语法的正确性与逻辑的排斥性间的矛盾来设计的因此考生应结合上下文的合理性及意义关系的逻辑性选择最佳答案完型填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有： A.转折、让步 ：这种关系表明后一种观点或事实与前一种观点或事实相比有些出乎意料常见的表示转折、让步的词或词组有：but ， still ， yet ， however， though ， although， no matter， in spite of ，anyway， even if 等 B.因果关系：表原因的连词或词组有： because (of )， due to ， owing to ， thanks to ， since， for ， as ， 等。
表结果的词或词组有： so ， therefore， then ， as a result， in consequence， consequently， thus 等 C.表示递进、补充关系： 这种关系表示对前一事实或观点做进一步阐述常用的词、词组有： moreover， likewise， besides， in addition ， also ， too， not only … but also ， apart from ， what’s more 等 D.表示对比、比较关系：对比表示观点或事物间的差异性，比较表明观点或事物间的同一性表示对比的词或词组有：in contrast， by contrast， on the contrary， conversely， unlike， oppositely 等表示比较的词或词组有：like， in comparison ， compare… with ， as ， just as 等 3)词义判断法 词汇型问题也是完形填空的一个考点，主要测试考生在段落语篇中把握语义连贯性的能力，提供选择的词可能是近义词、近形词也可能是随意拼凑的四个选项，遇到这类题，既要联系上下文，又要具有扎实的词汇基础，有时还须根据自己的文化背景知识做出判断。
以上只是在理论上提出的应试建议，除此之外，还要多做练习，才能在实践中深刻体会二、词形变化( Word Form )应试技巧 1.熟练掌握动词词形变化规律注意：动词形式既包括谓语动词的各种形式，如时态、语态及语气(直陈、虚拟)等，虚拟语气为重点，几年来的考题中都有这方面内容;也包括非谓语动词的各种形式所以做动词的词形变化时，首先要搞清楚它在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后再作相应的变化 2.认真学好并熟悉课文本题所选用的句子是根据教材中出现的句子编写的，其中多数来自课文，所以熟悉教材十分重要 3.认真钻研相关的语法讲解主要指谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词比较等级、情态动词、虚拟语气\形容词比较级、最高级，等部分 动词：动词是考试的重点主要包括：动词的时态、语态、语气和非谓语动词 1)动词的时态：重点是动词的过去时、完成时 So far， Irving has lived (live) in New York City for ten years. Many a writer of newspaper articles has turned (trun) to writing novels during the past decade. Some people think relations between people have deteriorated (deteriorate) so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible . Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened (happen) to her. In the past two decades， research has expanded(expand) our knowledge about sleep and dreams . 2)动词的语态：主要掌握各个时态的被动式。
The nations that are actively involved (involve) in earthquake prediction programs include Japan， Russia， and the United States. There were estimated (estimate) to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Brtain in 1995. 3)动词的语气： A.掌握非真实条件句中，谓语动词在主句和条件句中的虚拟语气形式 If you had come earlier， you would not have missed (not miss) the first act of the play. If it hadn‘t been for your help， we would have been (be) in real trouble. B.在表示建议、命令、要求以及表示“重要性”和“紧迫性”等含义的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，由“动词原形”或“should + 动词原形”构成。
should 常常省略 I would recommend that you _______(think) about doing something similar for yourself. (should) think It was imperative that students ______(finish) their papers before July 1st. (should) finish C.动词wish 、would rather (sooner)、if only、as if 后的虚拟语气 I would rather he _____(buy) the house next year. bought ( 表示从句中动作尚未发生) She treats me as if I ______ (be) a stranger. were The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we _____( meet) them before. had met If only we ______(have) a phone! I‘m tired of waiting outside the public phone box. D.in case ， for fear that ， lest 等词后从句的谓语动词为(should) + 原形。
He took his umbrella with him lest it _______ (rain.) (should) rain E.在It is (high) time that 从句中谓语动词一般用过去时动词 It‘s high time that we _______(take) firm measures to protect our environment. took F.时间错综条件句，动词的形式要根据表示的时间调整 如果我们早动身，现在就不会在雨中走了 If we had set out earlier，we wouldn‘t be walking in the rain. (从句中动作发生在过去，主句中动作发生在现在) 4)动词的非谓语动词形式： A.动词不定式：主要考查动词不定式作定语、宾语、宾语或主语补足语等的用法还要注意动词不定式的被动式与完成式 不定式作定语：If there is no choice， there is no decision ______(make) to be made 不定式作宾语： Robots ， already taking over human tasks in the automotive field， are beginning ________(see) . to be seen 不定式作宾补 I notice him _______( leave ) the classroom. leave (可省略to) 不定式作主补：They were often compelled ______(work) twelve or fourteen hours a day. to work( 不可省略to) We make them (to) work day and night. 不定式作宾语补语，在有些动词后可以省略TO They are made to work day and night. 不定式作主语补语时，不可省略TO B.分词：主要考查分词作定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法。
注意现在分词与过去分词的区别 另外，还有现在分词的被动式与完成式的形式 分词作定语：Anyone ______(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. wanting As research techniques become more advanced， the number of animals _____(use) in experiments may。