考研英语一试卷全国硕士研究生考试真题完整版（2018年）

绝密启用前2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）（禾斗目代码：201)女考生注意事项女1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）二：I 11111111111111 I Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Trust is a tricky business.On the one hand,its a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things:child care,friendships,etc.On the other hand,putting your 2 in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4,why do we trust at all?Well,because it feels good.5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution,their brains release oxytocin,a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to 7 with one another.Scientists have found that exposure 8 this ho皿one puts us in a trustin已：In a Swiss study,researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects;those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us,we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us.A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one.Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container.The tester would ask,Whats in here?before looking into the container,smiling,and exclaiming,Wow!Each subject was then invited to look 15.Half of them found a toy;the other half 16 the container was emptyand realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked,the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill,demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.19,only five of the 30 children paired with the 20 tester participated in a follow-up activity.1.A on B like C for D from 2.A faith B concern C attention D interest 3.A benefit B debt C hope D price 4.A Therefore B Then C Instead D Again 5.A Until B Unless C Although D When 6.A selects B produces C applies D maintains 7.A consult B compete C connect D compare 8.A at B by C of D to 9.A context B mood C period D circle 10.A counterparts B substitutes C colleagues D supporters 11.A Funny B Lucky C Odd D Ironic 12.A monitor B protect C surprise D delight 13.A between B within C toward D over 14.A transferred B added C introduced D entrusted 15.A out B back C around D inside 16.A discovered B proved C insisted D remembered 17.A betrayed B wronged C fooled D mocked 18.A forced B willing C hesitant D entitled 19.A In contrast B As a result C On the whole D For instance 20.A inflexible B incapable C unreliable D unsuitable Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)2 Text 1 Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign:What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely.About half of U.S.jobs are at high risk of being automated,according to a University of Oxford study,with the middle class disproportionately squeezed.Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots.But many middle-class occupations-trucking,financial advice,software engineeringhave aroused their interest,or soon will.The rich own the robots,so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist.Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past.The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms,but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed.Likewise,automation should eventually boost productivity,stimulate demand by driving down prices,and free workers from hard,boring work.But in the medium term,middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step,as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age,should be rethinking education and job training.Curriculumsfrom grammar school to collegeshould evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication.Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots.Online education can supplement the traditional kind.It could make extra training and instruction affordable.Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S.to revive its fading business dynamism:Starting new companies must be made easier.In previous eras of drastic technological change,entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dream