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1、Final Review 1.冠词 2.介词 3.不定式和动名词 4.近义词辨析 5.常见短语 6.常见句型 7.语法Contents一、Article(冠词)1.不定冠词a, an.用于修饰可数名词。 a. 以元音(不是元音字母)开头的名词前 加an an hour b.以辅音开头的名词前加a; a uniform, a tree。2.定冠词the,有指定性的名词前the； 前文出现过再次出现时前面也加the.注意球类名词前不加the,而乐器前要加the.3.含冠词的短语 on the weekend; take a photo; go to the movies; have a good
2、time; a symbol of; on a vacation; in the morning/afternoon; for a long time; talk on the phone; a little; get a surprise二、Preposition(介词)介词后加名词或代词1.介词at a. 表示具体的时间点、特定的时间、节日以及年龄等。at six oclock; at Christmas; at the age of 20; at noonb.表示一个点(或小地方)。如家、村等。 He lives at a small village. He lived at No.20
3、0,Nanjing Road.2.介词ina.表示某一天中某段时间或者指天、年、月、季节、周次等; in the morning.b.表示“在.里面“;The window is in the wall. c.表示排、行、组，前、后“; We are in Team One. in front of; d.表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等; He lives in Beijing.e.表示包含“; Beijing is in the north of China.f.表示“用语言”. Can you say it in English?3.介词ona.用于表示某一天或星期几，指明具体的某一
4、天; on a rainy dayb.在.队里用on; on the basketball teamc.表示“左、右”; He is on my left.d.用于路名; He lived on Changzhi Road.e.表示“紧邻”; Canada lies on the north of the U.S.4.介词fora.表示“当作，作为”; I like some bread and milk for breakfast.b.表示理由或原因，意为“因为，由于”; Thank you for helping me with my English.c.表示动作的对象或接受者，意为“给.
5、”、“对.(而言)”;eg. Let me pick it up for you.d.表示时间、距离，意为“计、达”; I usually do the running for an hour in the morning.e.表示以具体价格购买; You can take it for 5 yuan each.5.其他介词 under在.的下面(正下方) over在.的上面(正上方) behind在.的后面 on在.的上面 before在.前面 inside在.的里面 outside在.外边 beside在.旁边 in front of在.前面 in the front of在.前部6.ac
6、ross着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边强调从表面穿过。 He went across the street to make some purchases. through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过。 The sunlight was ing in through the window.看图说方位7.with a.表示具有；带有; Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.b.表示属于人和物的显著特征; The boy with black hair wears the blue coat. I want to find a house with many
7、 trees around it.c.表示“用工具、某物” ; with a pend.表示“和.一起”; He with his parents is watching TV.e.一些with结构：play with与.一起玩 be angry with对.生气talk with与.交谈 get on well with与.相处融洽9.of的;属于的 Here is a photo of my family.10.to向;到;对 Let me tell you the way to my house. 11.as担任;当时 As a boy, he often went skating in
8、 winter.12.like像；怎么样 What does he look like?13.for a.对于；为了 He has eggs and an apple for breakfast. b.(时间持续)之久 After class, I play basketball for two hours.8.bya. 表示方式、方法、手段等,后常接无冠词的名词或动名词,意为“通过;靠;用”; He made a living by teaching.b. 表示交通路线或工具,后接名词不用冠词,意为“乘;坐”; go by bus / plane / train c. 表示位置,意为“在近旁
9、;在旁边”; He was sitting by the window.d. by+身体部位名词或衣服名词。表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分，常与catch/take/hold/grab等连用; by the hair/hand/arm/nose The policeman caught the thief by the arm.e.常见短语 by the way; one by one; step by step三、不定式和动名词1.省略了to的不定式:(助动词后面跟动词原形) have sb. do sth.; let sb. do sth.; make sb. do sth.; help
10、sb. do sth.; help sb. with sth.; can/may/have to/must do sth. see/hear/watch/find/notice sb. do sth.2.带to 的不定式 want sb. to do sth; ask sb to do sth; decide to do sth; would like to do sth.3.带to的不定式可以作后置定语, something to eat4.不定式表目的 To save time, we got there by bus.5.动名词:(介词后面加名词或动名词) have fun doing
11、sth; practice doing sth; enjoy doing sth; what/how about doing sth; be busy doing sth; spend time doing sth; be good at doing sth; like doing sth; stop doing sth; remember doing sth; No talking/smoking; thanks for doing sth; see sb doing sth;四、常见词辨析1.bring和take take意为“拿走、带走”；bring为“取来、带来” Please tak
12、e the book to the school. Please bring the book here.2.some和any两者都表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词;some用于肯定句中，any用疑问句和否定句中.但在表示委婉语气、请示、希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，也可以用 some. There is some milk in the bottle. Is there any milk in the bottle? Can I have some rice?(希望得到肯定回答)3. in time 及时; on time 按时4.listen和hear listen强调听的动
13、作，不及物动词，listen to me; hear强调听的结果，及物动词。5.have和there be两者都表示“有，拥有”。have常表示“某人有某物”;There be句型表示“某地有某物”。 He has a pet cat. There is a cat under the table.6.much和many都表示”许多“，much修饰不可数名词; many修饰可数名词。a little修饰不可数名词;a few修饰可数名词(few和little表否定)。a lot of 和lots of 即可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词7.when和what time当询问某年、某月或某日时，
14、一般用when;当询问具体的时刻(几点钟)时,一般用what time.When is your birthday? What time is it?8.work和job work是不可数名词，不能与不定冠词连用，一般指比较抽象的工作; job为可数名词，可与不定冠词连用，指具体的工作。 Whats your fathers job?9.also和too 两者都表示”也“. also一般放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前，用于肯定句； too一般放在句尾。(too如果放在句中-形容词的前面，表示”太”) He is too young to dress himself.10.el
15、se和other 都表示”其他的“。 else 既可作形容词又可作副词，a.作形容词常放在疑问代词who, what, whose或不定代词something, anything, nothing, someone, anyone之后。 What else would you like? Is anyone else ing here?b.作副词时常置于疑问代词when, where等后面。 When else can we meet next time?11.need的用法 need既为情态动词又是实义动词，意为”需要“。 a.作为情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，并且常用于 否定句和疑问句中，
16、后接动词原形。 Need I go now? She neednt e here. b.作为实义动词，后可接名词、不定式或动名词作宾语注意用法：sb need sth某人需要某物; sb need to do sth某人需要做某事; I need some apples. She needs to buy a new skirt. The classroom needs cleaning. =The classroom needs to be cleaned.12.look, see, watch, reada. look强调看的动作,为不及物动词, look at me;b. see强调看的结果,为及物动词；I can see the sky.c. watch意为”观看“,主要用于观看比赛或电视；d. read意为”读“，主要用于读书、读报等。13.speak, tell, talk, saya. speak常用作不及物动词,作及物动词时宾语为某种语言；b. tell意为”讲述,告诉“tell jokes; tell a story;c. talk”讲话,交谈“,不及物动词, tal
