非谓语的种类：V-ing / V-ed /V-to do,Looking at her, I think of my mother. We are having class. Swimming is my favourite hobby. I enjoy swimming. I see him swimming.,(状语）,（表语）,(主语),(宾语),(宾补),一、现在分词（-ing )和过去分词(done/ed)不能单独作谓语使用，当做adv/adj 使用,1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 3.I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 4. Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.,(表语 / 定语),(定语),(宾补),(状语),过去分词：表示被动的动作/完成的动作 现在分词：表示主动的动作/正在进行的动作,1.定语（放在修饰名词之前或之后由修饰语决定）,eg.A girl _ (speak) Chinese the language _（speak）in China 1. 一个退休的老师 (retire) 2. 一个丢了的书包 3. 开水 4. 正在煮的水 （boil) 5. 落叶 6. 正在落下的叶子 7. 一个受伤的工人 (injure) 8. 一只正在睡觉的狗,speaking,spoken,1. a retired teacher 2. a lost bag 3. boiled water 4.boiling water 5. fallen leaves 6. falling leaves 7. an injured worker 8. a sleeping dog,单个过去分词作定语，定语前置 过去分词短语作定语，定语后置,1. a boy named Tom = a boy who is named Tom 2. 一个出生在德国的音乐家 (be born in) 3.一个坐在房间里的男孩(sit/ seat ) 4. 那个被我打碎的杯被扔掉。
break) 5. 没有人能回答老师问的问题ask) 6. 中国是一个属于第三世界的发展中国家2. a musician born in Germany 3. a boy sitting in the room =a boy seated in the room 4. The cup broken by me was thrown away. The cup which was broken by me was thrown away. 5. No one can answer the question asked by the teacher. = No one can answer the question which was asked by the teacher. 6. China is a developing country belonging to the third world.,2. 表语（放在连系动词后由句子的主语决定）系动词：be 动词，感官动词 其他：remain/keep/stay become/grow/change seem / appear / look,那座山被雪覆盖。
她穿着她最喜欢的衣服 她还是坐在那里. The mountain was covered with snow. She was dressed in her favourite dress. She remained sitting there.,表示情绪或情感的动词（使),surprise interest inspire move puzzle encourage amaze excite satisfy please disappoint bore 现在分词（-ing）“令人感到” 过去分词（done/-ed) “感到” an _ (interest) person a person _ (interest) in sport a _ (frighten) voice 一个害怕的声音 a _(frighten) voice 一个令人害怕的声音,interesting,interested,frightened,frightening,1. 小女孩似乎非常害怕 2. 他脸上失望的表情显示他对结果并不满意 The girl seemed to be very frightened. The disappointed look on his face suggested that he was not satisfied with the result,3.宾补（放在宾语后由宾语决定）,eg. I heard a song _ (sing) by the girl. I heard a girl _ (sing) a song. 常见的宾补结构： 感官动词+ 宾补+宾补(do / done /doing ) eg. I saw him crossing the street. I found the bird killed. with+ 宾语 +宾补 (adj/ done/ doing) 作句子状语 get/ have/make sth done 让某事被做,sung,singing,1. 我看见一个老人被车撞到了。
knock down ) 2. 我昨天去剪头发 3. 我发现很难让自己被理解make) I found it hard to _ 4.With trees _ (plant) around the teaching buildings, our school looks more beautiful. 5.With the old man _ (lead) them, they had no difficultly in finding the station.,I saw an old man knocked down by the car.,I had my hair cut yesterday.,make myself understood,planted,leading,4. 状语（放在句首或句末由句子的主语决定),A girl came in _(support) an old man. = The girl came in and was supporting an old man . A old man came in _(support) by a girl. =A old man came in and was supported by a girl. If I was given one more hour, I can work out the problem. = Given one more hour, I can also work out this problem. When he hear the news, he got frightened. =Hearing the news, he got frightened.,supporting,supported,1.老师走进了教室, 学生跟在她后面。
The teacher walked into the classroom, followed by the students. 2. 被老虎吓到了，他开始哭泣frighten) Frightened by the tiger, he began to cry. 3. 和他相比，我比较高compare ) Compared with him, I am taller. 4. 他坐在沙发上看电视. He sat on the sofa watching TV. 5.从山顶上看，这座城市更美丽 Seen from the top of the hill, the city is more beautiful. 6. 从山顶上看，我发现这座城市更美丽 Seeing from the top of the hill, I found the city more beautiful .,二、ing 还可以做动名词,1. 住在大城市对我没有吸引力 2.他为他的迟到而道歉 3. 她因为Tom 忽视她而感到生气 Living in big cities holds no attraction to me . He apologized for his being late. She is angry with Toms ignoring her.,三、 ing分词的几种形式,进去房间的时候，我看见一封信在地上。
enter) 完成我的工作后，我就回家了 跟他说了好几次了，他还是不懂 Entering the room, I found a letter on the floor . Having finished my work, I went back home. Having been told many times, he still couldnt undertand.,having done,being done,having been done,1. _ in the traffic accident _ taken to hospital. A. An injured, was B. The injured, has C. The injuring, were D. The injured, have been,2.The _ look on the girls face suggested that she _ such bad news. A. surprising, would expect B. surprised, should expect C. surprising, shouldnt have been expected D. surprised, hadnt expected,3.The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch. A. referred to look B. referred to looking C. referred to looks D. referring to looks,4.It s a pay day，and they are waiting_. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid,5.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,6.Youll find the word psychology_under P in your dictionary. A.have listed B.list C.listed D.listing,7.When we reached the village, we saw new houses_ up. A. having been put B.putting C. being put D. had put,8.From the date _ 。