独立主格详解及高考各项题型练习1一、有关独立主格结构的基本概念一、有关独立主格结构的基本概念独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语） ，加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等 在句中作状语它有以下三个特点： 1. 独立主格的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在 2. 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系 3. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词 二、独立主格结构的常见形式二、独立主格结构的常见形式 1. 名词（代词）名词（代词）+现在分词现在分词 The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后，我们就回家了 2. 名词（代词）名词（代词）+过去分词过去分词 The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家 3. 名词（代词）名词（代词）+不定式不定式 So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。
4. 名词（代词）名词（代词）+介词短语介词短语 A girl came in, book in hand. 一个少女进来了，手里拿着书 He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影 5. 名词（代词）名词（代词）+形容词或副词形容词或副词 He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.他坐在前排，嘴半开着 6. There being +名词（代词）名词（代词） There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了 There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会 7. It being +名词（代词）名词（代词） It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息 It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。
注：独立主格结构注：独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词 with如： Don’t sleep with the windows open. 别开着窗睡觉 He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低着头站在老师面前 He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上 She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿着一本书走了进来 He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了 I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假 He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作三、英语独立主格结构的用法三、英语独立主格结构的用法 独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
独立主格详解及高考各项题型练习21. 用作时间状语用作时间状语 The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了 2. 用作条件状语用作条件状语 Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话， 他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游 3. 用作原因状语用作原因状语 An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚 4. 用作伴随状语用作伴随状语 He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在 草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
5. 表示补充说明表示补充说明 A hunter came in, his face red with cold (=and his face was red with cold). 一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通 红 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活 注：独立主格结构注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放 在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末四、使用独立主格结构的几点注意四、使用独立主格结构的几点注意 1. 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留 连词如： After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离 开了课室 2. 在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的 being（或 having been）不能省略： (1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。
如： It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜 (2) 在 There being＋名词的结构中如： There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家 3. 在“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词如： Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书 比较 with 的复合结构：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. 4. 独立主格结构独立主格结构没有所有格形式如： The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会 比较动名词复合结构： The chief-editor’s arriving made us very surprised. 5. 独立主格结构独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。
如： The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了★★ 分词、独立主格和分词、独立主格和“with + 复合宾语复合宾语”作状语的区别作状语的区别 分词结构、独立主格结构、分词结构、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的： 一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词） 或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式） 这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列 谓语 二、独立主格结构和 with + 复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主 语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致独立主格详解及高考各项题型练习3三、使用分词短语、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构分别在句子中作状语时要注意：它们与主句之 间不应有从属连词（如 when, if, as soon as, as, while 等）或并列连词（如 and, but, or, so 等） 。
四、在使用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构、分词结构作句子的状语时，一定要看句子主语同这些结 构的逻辑关系 1、当句子主语与该状语内部动词之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系时，该状语可用分词结构或从句表示 2、若句子主语与状语内动词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系且状语内有自已的逻辑主语则该状语 不能用分词结构，只能用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构或从句 37._________, he finished playing the game of chess. A. His eyes closing B. With his eyes closed C. Closing his eyes D. Closed his eyes 38.________, I couldn’t get the book I wanted.A. Closed B. Library closed C. Closing library D. With library closing 39._____ the teacher told the class to go through the text A. Checking the answers B. Checking the answers and C. When checking the answers and D. all the above 40._______a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside. A. It being B. Being C. It was D. all the above 41.As______a little sick, he remained at the clinic. A. feeling B. he felt C. he felling D. all the above 42______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Lost B. As he was lost C. He lost D.A and B 43._______for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief.A. Waiting B. When he was waiting C. As he was waiting D. all the above 44.The soldier fell asleep ________. A. with the candle burning B. burning the candle C. when he was 。