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1、【专升本 英语 语法基础】倒装结构 & 独立主格结构By Gordon ,返回,【倒装结构】倒装句分完全倒装和部分倒装两种完全倒装：整个谓语移至主语前面。部分倒装：只把助动词，系动词或情态动词放在主语之前。 相关知识点：1.当以there, here, out, in, up, down, away等副词开头的句子，为了起强调作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。Our teacher came in. / In came our teacher.注意：这种倒装的主语必须是名词，若主语是人称代词时，主谓语序不变。Here it is. / Away he wen
2、t.Here comes the bus. / Out rushed the boys.2. how, then, just, often表示时间的副词放在句首，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War.,3. 表示地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句，有强调作用。主谓调换位置，不加助动词did, does或do。Under a big tree sat a fat man.4. There放在句首时，要用倒装句。There lies a large wheat field in fr
3、ont of the house.Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.*5. so + 动词 + 主语； neither / nor + 动词 + 主语； so it is with You can ride a bike, so can I.He has been to Beijing, so have I.The first one isnt good, neither is the second.His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory
4、 for more that ten years, and so it is with his aunt.6. so + 形容词/副词 that 的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示，也可以把so + 形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.(The work is so easy that they finished it in a few days.),7. gone做形容词在句中做表语时，常把表语放在句首，引起倒装。Gone forever are the days when the Ch
5、inese people had to use foreign oil.8. 否定副词not, never, seldom, nowhere, little, rarely等放于句首时要用倒装句。须加助动词，系动词或情态动词。We seldom get up at four in the morning.(Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.)Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.(I have rarely heard of such a silly thing.)9. hardlywhen; s
6、carcelywhen; no soonerthan 可以用正常语序：had hardly done whendid，或用倒装句式：hardly had + 主语 + done when did, hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。The bell hardly had rung when the class began.Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.10. not onlybut also如果连接两个成分时，不用倒
7、装；连接句子时，前面的句子要倒装。Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.Not only apples but also pears are yummy.,11. Only及所修饰的副词，介词短语或状语从句放在句首的时候：only + 状语 + be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语及其他成分Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.Only in this way can you ma
8、ke progress in your studying.12. 虚拟语气中的倒装句If I were you, I would take the job. = Were I you, I would take the job.If I should have enough money, I would buy a big house.(Should I have enough money, I would buy a big house.)Had they not helped us, our experiment would have failed.(Our experiment woul
9、d have failed if they had not helped us.) 13. 由As引导的让步状语从句，“形容词/副词/名词 + as + 主语 + 谓语”或“动词原形 + as + 主语 + 情态动词/助动词”。Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me.Much as I like you, I will not marry you.Child as he is, he knows something of electricity.Try as he would, he would not lift the roc
10、k.,【独立主格结构】一、非谓语动词1. 情态动词或助动词后面不需要用to。Would you like some drink ? / Shall I turn on the light ?He did phone you yesterday. / She does seldom go to the cinema.2. 在感观动词或使役动词后面可以省略to。在help后面的不定式可以要to,也可以省略to。I heard soft padding steps approach. / I saw mother wash the clothes.注意：上述动词在被动语态中，不能省略toSoft p
11、adding steps were heard to approach.He helped me (to) learn English.3. 两个不定式由and, or, than连接时，后面的不定式可以省略to。I want you to sit beside me and read the letter to me.It is better to persuade him than force him.4. 一些特定的介词后省略to。I could do nothing but agree to his arrangement.,5. 在一些特定的短语后Youd better not sm
12、oke.I neednt hardly tell you how serious the matter is.I would rather not see him.6. 由why引导的省略问句中，省略to。why not give her another chance ?Why not do it yourself ? / Why bother ?7. 在make, hear, let, go的一些习惯用法中，省略to。8. 口语中用在系动词后面做表语时，或在祈使句的go和come之后，省略to。 二、独立主格结构和分词做状语的形式独立主格结构的构成：1. with + 名词代词 + 形容词H
13、e does not like to sleep, with the windows open.He does not like to sleep when the windows are open.She stood in the rain, with her clothes wet.She stood in the rain and her clothes were wet.,2. with + 名词代词 + 副词Our school looks even more beautiful, with all the lights on. The boy was walking, with h
14、is father ahead.3. with + 名词代词 + 动词的-ed或-ing形式With his homework done, Peter went out to play.With the signal given, the train started.The man felt very happy, with so many children sitting around him.The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.4. with + 名词代词 + 介词短语He stood at the door,
15、with a book in his hand.Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.5. with + 名词代词 + 动词不定式The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.(The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.)The kid feels excited, with so many places of interest to visit.(The kid feels excited
16、 as there are so many places of interest to visit.)独立主格结构的作用：在句子中作状语，表示伴随行为或补充说明等。,三、独立主格结构的特点：四、独立主格结构应该注意的地方：1. 独立主格与状语从句的转换2. 不能省略being(have been)的情形a. 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时It being Sunday, we went to church.b. 在there being + 名词的结构中There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.3. 通常不用物主代词或冠词在“名词代词 + 介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.Michael entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting.,
