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1、1,定 语 从 句,2,The attributive in English and Chinese,1: The teacher who is talking to Tom is our new headteacher. 2: The book he borrowed from library is on space shuttle. 3: We shall never forget the we spent together days.,1: 正和汤姆说话的那位老师是我们的新校长. 2: 他从图书馆借出来的书是有关于宇宙飞船的. 3: 我们不会忘记那些日子我们在一起度过.,3,关系代词与关
2、系副词,Relative pron: that which whowhomwhoseas,Relative adv where when why (mostly)= prep + relative pron,4,关系词在定语从句中有三大作用,1. 连接作用连接先行词和定语从句。I gave her all the money that I had. 我把我所有的钱都给了她。（that 连接先特词 money和定语从句I had）2. 替代作用在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。The man who lives next door is a famous teacher. 住在隔壁的那个人是个
3、名师。（who 替代the man）3. 成分作用在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。I like picrures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style. 我喜欢传统的中国画。（which在定语从句中作主语）,5,1.This is the mall. I lost my purse in the mall. This is the mall where I lost my purse. This is the mall in which I lost my purse.,2. I read the novel. The no
4、vel was written by the well-known writer ten years ago.I read the novel which was written by the well-known writer ten years ago. 3. The plan is to be carried out next month. We discussed the plan yesterday. The plan we discussed yesterday is to be carried out next month.,6,1. 关系代词引导的定语从句,关系代词所代替的先行
5、词是人或物的名词或代词， 并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词 在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数 要和先行词保持一致。 （1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是指人 的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）,7,1. 关系代词引导的定语从句,（2）whose用来指人或物（只用作定语，若
6、指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose cover (the cover of which) is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。,8,1.关系代词引导的定语从句,（3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in
7、the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that 在句中作主语）The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which/that在句中作宾语）,9,1.关系代词引导的定语从句,（4）as引导限制性定语从句时，主要用于the sameas, suchas等结构中。例如：I have got into the same trouble as he (has).我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。Such English as is spoken here is not
8、 British English.这儿讲的英语不是英国英语。,10,2.介词+which/whom,关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here
9、 a magazine for which you asked. (5) Well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.,11,2.介词+which/whom,注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I
10、 am looking for. (T) (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F) 2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) (2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F),12,2.介词+which/whom,(3) The plane in which we flew
11、 to Canada is very comfortable. (T) (4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F) 3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词 (1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of
12、 which have gone bad.,13,3.关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词可代替的先行词是表时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。,14,3.关系副词引导的定语从句,（1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason w
13、hy (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？,15,4.介词+关系词,介词后面的关系词不能省略。that前不能有介词。某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you reme
14、mber the day when you joined our club?,16,However, sometimes, it cant.,The way in which we dealt with the ocean pollution was put forward by those scientists. The pressure under which most of the employees couldnt work made the company suffer a lot.,17,5.限制性和非限制性定语从句,（1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可
15、缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如： The farmer has three sons who are doctors. The farmers has three sons, who are doctors.,18,5.限制性和非限制性定语从句,（2）当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老
16、师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。,19,5.限制性和非限制性定语从句,The World Trade Towers, where there are many head offices of those international groups throughout the world, were burnt down
17、 to the earth in the “9.11” attacks. The boy was born in 1945, when the Second World War ended.,20,5.限制性和非限制性定语从句,（3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。,
