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1、本节课讲述 动词不定式，动名词w主语 To learn English well is not easy.当主语表达动作时，我们须将动词变性。既能表达 出动词的意思，还又不能再是动词的词性。因此英语 中出现动词不定式与动名词的用法。动词不定式强调：目的，将要动名词强调：状态，陈述事实，结果动词不定式作主语的重点句型It is + adj + （for sb ） to do sth（of sb ） to do sth遇到你真高兴：It is very happy to meet you.真正的主语是： to do sth To meet you is very happy.it 只是形式主语保持
2、句子平衡。再看一些例句：wIt isnt right to say so. wIt is wrong to give up the chance. wIt isnt an easy thing to master English. wIt took us a year to complete this project. wIt cost you 10 yuan to post a book. 注意：当给你一个动词不定式，说”某某做某事“，这 时必然产生一个动词不定式的复合结构，即：it is +adj+ for/of sb to do sth. 用for 还是用of要看前 面的形容词，若形容词
3、是形容人的品质，特征的，就 要用of,例如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right , foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude ,naughty, impolite而别的adj时，则用for. 例如： 1. It is wrong of you to say so. 2. It is important for you to say so. 用of, 还是for 还可以这么判断： 1句说成you are wrong，是合理的。“你是错的” 与句子想表达的意思相符。
4、2 句说成 you are important， 不合理。“你是重 要的”。这与本句想表达的“你这么说是重要的” 不相符。w继续看It is + adj + to do sth 的句型-动 词不定式做主语： wIt isnt right to say so. wIt took us a year to complete this project. wto do sth 是句子中的真正主语，并且say, complete后面还都有自己的宾语。因此动词 不定式内部保持了“动宾关系”。而且是必须保 持动宾关系： w It is comfortable to live in the room. The
5、 room is comfortable to live in.w动名词做主语： 动名词做主语在下列常见句型中： It is no use doing sth. 做没有好处/用处 It is no good doing sth. 做某事无益/无用 It is no harm doing sth. 做并无害处 It is a waste of time/money doing sth. 若给你一个动名词，然后说“某某做某事”，这时 会产生一个“动名词复合结构”，即：ones doing sth. (ones 为形容词性物主代词或名词 所有格) It is no use saying so. It
6、 is no use your/Toms saying so.动名词做表语动名词做表语表陈述事实：试比较 My job is teaching. My job is to protect you. I am to go shopping. 做表语的肯定不能是动词，因此。涉及保留 动词意思，但需改变动词词性的方法，即 doing 或 to do. 前者侧重事实陈述，后者 侧重目的和将要动词不定式做宾语w动词不定式做动词的宾语 w动词不定式做介词的宾语 A以下动词只能接动词不定式做宾语：agree, decide, expect, hope, long, manage, want, plan, p
7、retend, wish, would like, seem, happen, learn, promise, used to, take trouble(不辞辛劳) ，set out, make up ones mind, fail, arrange, hurry, prepare, mean (打算)B.以下动词既可接不定式做宾语，又可接动名词 做宾语， 注意意思上的区别：remember forget regret like stop meanprefer hate continue remember to do sth 记得去做某事remember doing sth 记得做过某事fo
8、rget to do sth 忘记去做某事forget doing sth 忘记做过/做了而又忘了regret to do sth 很遗憾要去做 某事I regret to tell you a bad news 我很遗憾要告诉你一 个regret doing sth 后悔做了I regret having said that.mean to do 打算想做某事. mean doing 意味着w动名词充当宾语： w以下动词只能用动名词作宾语：cant help, cant stand, feel like, give up, put off, admit, advise, avoid, con
9、sider, enjoy, keep, escape, finish, forbid, imagine, practice, risk, suggest, bear, stand.keep doing sth keep on doing sthconsider doing 考虑做某事consider to be 认为to be doingto have doneto have been donew动名词做介词的宾语：prep + doing 介词后面加动词-ing形式句型：have difficulty/trouble/ problem/ fun/ pleasure/ a good time/
10、 a hard time/ in doing sth但是 take trouble to do sth费心费劲做某事 be / get used to doing sth 习惯做某事devote to/ stick to / lead to/ get down to / look forward to +doing sthwThank you for the trouble _. wA. you have made to help me wB. you have had to help me wC. you have taken to help me wD. you have paid to
11、help mewThe worker and the artist, who _ in the town _ want to move to village. wA. was used to living, dont wB. were used to living, doesnt wC. used to live, dont wD. used to live, doesntw动词不定式做定语 动词不定式可以跟在名词后面做定语。 例如：I have nothing ( to say).I have nothing (to write).Find me a room ( to live in).F
12、ind me a room in which to live.Give me a piece of paper to write on.Give me a piece of paper on which to write.He is a man to depend on.He is a man on whom to depend. 注意：当动词不定式作定语的时候，它和所修饰的名词 有 逻辑上的动宾关系，即”做某事“，因此要用主动 形式表被动动词不定式做定语，常跟在下面这些名词词后面，起到 定语修饰这些名词的作用： A. effort failure promise desire B. way,
13、 pleasure, plan, time, chance, power C. idea, method, habit, purpose A组名词，后面如果有动词做定语，要用动词不定式 B组名词，后面如果有动词做定语，要用动词不定式或 of doing sth形式 C组名词， 后面如果有动词做定语，要将动词使用of doing sth的形式wPlease make an effort _. wA. of arriving early wB. in arriving early wC. to arrive early D. early to arrivewHis effort _ the col
14、lege made him quite happy. w A. to enter B. in entering C. to enter to wD. to enter for E. entering F. of enteringwTell me the effort _. wA. you have paid for helping me wB. you have taken to help me wC. you have made to help me wD. you have spent to help mewThe chance we are looking forward _ has c
15、ome here. wA. to speaking English wB. to to speak English wC. to of speaking English wD. of speaking English wE. to speak English2 -Why arent you happy? w- I dont like the idea _. wA. in getting up early wB. of getting up early wC. for getting up early wD. to get up early3. Lily has a habit of asking questions, wBut then not to listen to the answers. wBut then not listen to the answers. wAnd then not listening to the answers. wAnd then doesnt listen to the answers.w动名词做定语，与现在分词做定语的区别 ：动名词做定语，表功能，用途a sleeping car a car for sleepinga swimming pool a pool for
