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1、What is LiteraturelLiterature is the art of written works. In Western culture the most basic written literary types include fiction and non-fiction. lList 5 fictions and 5 non-fictions you have read or heard. (10 min)What is LiteraturelFiction is the telling of stories which are not real. More speci
2、fically, fiction is an imaginative form of narrative, one of the four basic rhetorical modes (including exposition, argumentation, description, and narration) . What is LiteraturelWorks of fiction need not be entirely imaginary and may include real people, places, and events. What is LiteraturelFict
3、ion may be written or oral. Although not all fiction is necessarily artistic, fiction is largely perceived as a form of art or entertainment. Elements of fictionl“Fiction has three main elements: plotting (情节）, character（人物形象）, and place or setting （场景）.“ (Morrell 2006, p. 151) andlTheme (主题）lStyle（
4、风格）Categories of Fiction-Types of prose fiction:lFlash fiction (小小说）: A work of fewer than 2,000 words. (1,000 by some definitions) (around 5 pages) lShort story （短篇小说）: A work of at least 2,000 words but under 7,500 words. (5-25 pages) lNovelette（中篇小说）: A work of at least 7,500 words but under 17,5
5、00 words. (25-60 pages) lNovella （中篇小说）: A work of at least 17,500 words but under 50,000 words. (60-170 pages) lNovel （长篇小说）: A work of 50,000 words or more. (about 170+ pages) lEpic （史诗）: A work of 200,000 words or more. (about 680+ pages)What is Literature-Non-FictionlNon-fiction is an account or
6、 representation of a subject which is presented as fact. lThis presentation may be accurate or not; that is, it can give either a true or a false account of the subject in question. However, it is generally assumed that the authors of such accounts believe them to be truthful at the time of their co
7、mposition.Non-fictionlNon-fiction is one of the two main divisions in writing, particularly used in libraries, the other being fiction. However, non-fiction need not be written text necessarily, since pictures and film can also purport to present a factual account of a subject.Types of non-fictionAu
8、tobiography lBiography lBlueprint lBook report lCreative nonfiction lDesign document lDiagram lDiary lDictionary lDocumentary film lEncyclopedia lEssay lHistorylJournal lJournalism lLetter lLiterary criticism lMemoir lNatural history lPhilosophy lPhotograph lScience book lScientific paper lTextbook
9、lTravelogue lUser manual Modern & Contemporary Chinese LiteraturelModern PeriodlLate Qing (1895-1911)lRepublican Era (1911-1949)lContemporary PeriodlMaoist Era (1949-1976)lPost-Mao (1976-present)A Brief History of Modern Chinese LiteraturelLate Qing (1895-1911)lScholars now tend to agree that modern
10、 Chinese literature did not erupt suddenly in the New Culture Movement (五四新文化运动） (1917-23). Instead, they trace its origins back at least to the late Qing period (1895-1911). lThe late Qing was a period of intellectual ferment sparked by a sense of national crisis. A Brief History of Modern Chinese
11、LiteraturelWhat is national crisis in late Qing Period? A Brief History of Modern Chinese LiteraturelIntellectuals began to seek solutions to Chinas problems outside of its own tradition. lWhat did they do? Going to the War? Or?A Brief History of Modern Chinese LiteraturelThey translated works of We
12、stern expository writing and literature, which fascinated readers with new ideas and opened up windows onto new exotic cultures. lWhat kind of new ideas were introduced to China at that time? Please list a few.A Brief History of Modern Chinese LiteraturelExpository writing is a rhetorical mode of wr
13、iting in which the purpose of the author is to inform, explain, describe, or define his or her subject to the reader. Expository text is meant to expose information and is the most frequently used type of writing by students in colleges and universities. A well- written exposition remains focused on
14、 its topic and listing events in chronological order. A Brief History of Modern Chinese LiteraturelWe can translate expository writing into Chinese “学术文章/著作lPlease list 5 expository writings/books translated and published by Chinese scholars in the late Qing period.A Brief History of Modern Chinese
15、LiteraturelMost outstanding were the translations of Yan Fu (严严复) (1864-1921) and Lin Shu (林纾纾) (1852-1924). lIn this climate, a boom in the writing of fiction occurred, especially after the 1905 abolishment of the civil service examination (科举考试）when literati struggled to fill new social and cultur
16、al roles for themselves. A Brief History of Modern Chinese LiteraturelStylistically （风格上）, this fiction shows signs of both the Chinese novelistic traditional and Western narrative modes（叙 述模式）. lIn subject （主题） matter, it is strikingly concerned with the contemporary: social problems, historical upheavals, changing ethical values, etc. In this sense, late Qing fiction is modern. A Brief History of Modern
