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1、小 学 英 语 语 法,一、名词（可数名词和不可数名词） 二、代词 三、冠词 四、动词 五、介词 六、形容词和副词,七、there be结构 八、时态： 1. 一般现在时 2. 一般过去时 3. 现在进行时 4. 一般将来时 九、“wh”的特殊疑问句,一、名词,名词（表示人和事物名称的词）,专有名词,普通名词,特定的人、地方、机构等专有的名称。第一个字母通常要大写。 e.g. Jim Green， New York， Bank of China，Peking University 星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。,个体名词 表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：student , desk
2、 集体名词 表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：class , family 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质名称，如：water , rice , sand，hair 抽象名词 表示情感，状态，品质等抽象名称，如：love ，carelessness,个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，有单、复数形式； 物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词，一般只有一种形式。,英语语法中，只有可数名词才有复数形式。名词有两种数的形式： 1）单数（表示一个人或事物）； 2）复数（表示多于一个的人或数）。,名词的数：,名词复数形式的构成,不规则名词的复数,由元音字母的变化构成： ma
3、n-men, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, mouse-mice, woman-women 2. 有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样： sheep, deer, fish(但也可以是fishes) 有些名词变成复数时加-en: child-children, ox-oxen,Practise,peach_ 2. zoo _ 3. glass _4. fox _ 5. lady _6. policewoman _ 7. house _8. photo _ 9. monkey _10. wife _ 11. rose _12. path _ 13. judge _14. map
4、_,peaches,zoos,glasses,foxes,ladies,policewomen,houses,photos,monkeys,wives,roses,paths,judges,maps,二、人称代词和物主代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 I me my mine you you your yours he him his his she her her hers it it its its we us our ours they them their theirs,Practise,_(他) is my brother. 2. I had a letter from _ (她)
5、. 3. Its all right; its only _(我). 4. Today _(我们) went in _(我们的) car; tomorrow _(我们) are going in _(他们的). 5. _(我) lend _(我的) books gladly to _ (我的) friends and to _(你的). 6. Can you help _(我) with _(我的) English. 7. When _(你) go to see _(你的) father, please take these books to _(他). 8. _(他们) found _(它)
6、 difficult to learn German.,He,her,me,we,our,we,theirs,I,my,my,yours,me,my,you,your,him,They,it,所有格,所有格的形式 单数人称名词末尾加 schild-childs 以-s结尾的单数人称名词末尾加swaitress-waitresss 不规则的复数人称名词末尾加schildren-childrens 以-s结尾的复数人称名词末尾加girls-girls 以-s结尾的一些人名末尾加sJames-Jamess,下列情况一般用 “of”结构： 东西(没有现成的复合名词时): the book of the
7、 film 2. 东西的一部分: the bottom of the box 3. 抽象的概念: the price of success 4. 当of短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时： Cant you look at the book of the boy behind you?,双重,s结构也可以用于 “of”结构之后，如：a friend of my fathers , 出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：this son of mine, a friend of yours, a cousin of hers等等。 Isnt Frank a friend of
8、 yours? That silly uncle of Toms has told me the same Joke five times.,冠词,不定冠词a,an,定冠词the,只能用于单数可数名词之前,单数可数名词 复数可数名词 不可数名词,零冠词,名词前可不用冠词,小试牛刀,一、在下列单词前加上适当的不定冠词a/an。 1._ elephant 2._ old man 3._ nurse 4._ hour 5. _ egg 6. _ orange 7. _ pen 8. _baby 9. _ doctor 10. _ big gate Keys: 1.an; 2.an; 3.a; 4.a
9、n; 5.an; 6.an; 7.a; 8.a; 9.a; 10.a;,小试牛刀,三、根据句意，填入适当的冠词。（20分) 1. Do you like playing _ volleyball here? Yes. Look! I have _ volleyball. 2. Can you see _ eraser on _ desk? Yes, whose is it? 3. Lucy and Lily are _ sisters. And theyre _twins. 4. I can see _ “u”, _ “R” and _ “8” on the wall.,/,/,the,an,
10、a,/,an,a,an,小试牛刀,1. My father is _ kind man, so he has many friends. A. a B. an C. the 2. There is _ “a” in the word “apple”. A. / B. a C. an 3. The Changjiang River is _longest in China. A. / B. an C. the 4. Whats wrong with you, _ Mum? A. the B. / C. a 5. She goes to _ school every day. _ school i
11、s near her home. A. an; The B. a; A C. /; The,A,c,C,B,C,四、动词,动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。,小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、be动词、情态动词can, must等。,Be动词,am, is,are,was, were,Practise,1. He _ very good at English. 2. My father and I _ going to Beijing next month. 3. _ you on duty the day before yesterday? 4. Mr
12、. King _ in London two weeks ago. 5. There _ many kinds of animals in the zoo. 6. What _ the date yesterday? 7. Look! A little girl _ flying a kite. 8. Who _ not at school last Monday? 9. I _ not a nurse. I work as a doctor.,is,are,Were,was,are,was,is,was,am,五、动词的时态,动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式。
13、,小学阶段所学的时态有： 一般现在时：work/works 2. 现在进行时：am/is/are working 3. 一般过去时：worked 4. 一般将来时：am/is/are going to work will work,一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on
14、Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?7. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.8. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.,现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：run_ swim _make_ begin_go_ like_write_ shop _have _sing_dance _put_ see_ love_ live_ take_ come _get _stop_ sit _ 二、用所给的动词的正
