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1、,语法名词性从句,noun clause,英语句子的种类,简单句 (simple sentence),并列句 (compound sentence),复合句 (complex sentence),英语句子概论,简单句的五种基本句型,The weather is very cold. 主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语 He laughed. 主语+谓语（vi.） I like Chinese food. 主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语 She taught them physics. 主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语 We must keep the room warm. 主语+谓语(vt.)
2、+宾语+宾语补足语,并列句 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。,I turned on the TV. My sister and I watched it. I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it. I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,常用并列连词:,平行并列连词: 转折并列连词： 因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:,and, bothand, not
3、only but also, neithernor,but, however, while, yet,or,eitheror,for, so,复合句:主句+从句,名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句,1.The boy who is standing over there is Tom,2.Because it is raining ,we have to stay at home,定语从句,状语从句,3.I know (that)he is from America,(宾语从句）,名词性从句-,Noun Clauses (名词性从句),Subject Clause (主语从句),Appositiv
4、e Clause （同位语从句）,Object Clause （宾语从句）,Predicative Clause （表语从句）,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词, 在复合句 中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。,主语,His job is important.,What he does is important.,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,宾语,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,同位语,I dont know about the man, M
5、r. White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,同位语从句,宾语
6、从句的定义 置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。 宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。 有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。,宾语从句中引导词的用法 在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有： 连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词：who, whose, what ,which 副词：when ,where, how, why 等。,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词
7、,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,宾语从句的概念： 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。,句子结构： 主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句,1）主句的谓语动词可以是及物动词： 2）如果主句的谓语动词是一个带有介词的词组，那么后接的从句做介词宾语从句。 3）有些形容词后也可以带有宾语从句。,Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .,He wondered if he could pass the exam .,They are talking about whether they can pass the exam .,注意：动词+副词形成的谓语动词词组
8、后也可以带宾语从句。,一、从属连词 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定 句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作 任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语 或非正式文体中常省略,Lin Tao knows (that) his own team is even better. She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday. Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party. He said (that) he would
9、 like to see the headmaster.,引导词种类,2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag . Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city . It all depends on whether she likes the boss or not.
10、,引导词种类,二、连接代词 which, what, whose, who, whom, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。,I wonder who will teach us. Mr. Wang asked whose book that was. You can take whatever you like.,引导词种类,三、连接副词 where, when, why, how等连接副词在句中作状语。,He didnt tell me when we should meet again. Could y
11、ou please tell me how you use the new panel? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.,引导词种类,带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday ?,Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?,I dont know how far it is to the cinema .,Please tell us how many st
12、udents there are in your school ?,Can you tell us how old his brother is ?,Please tell us how soon you will be ready .,Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan ?,二、时态 1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ， 现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,I know he lives here . I know he live
13、d here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who lived here. I told me that she was talking with her mother at that time last week. He asked whether his father would come back the next day. He s
14、aid that he had seen it before.,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the sun travels around the earth . The teacher said that the world is made up of matter.,三、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His broth
15、er asks when will he go to the library .,2. What does he want to buy ? I dont know what he wants to buy . I dont know what does he want to buy .,3. Who are we going to meet ? Can you tell me who we are going to meet ? Can you tell me who are we going to meet ?,4. Does he know French ? We want to kno
16、w if/whether he knows French . We want to know if/whether does he know French.,5. Will they go to Canada in summer ? They re not sure if /whether they will go to Canada in summer . They re not sure if /whether will they go to Canada in summer .,1could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。,注意事项,Could you please tell me where we show our tickets ? Could you tell us which gate we have to go to ? Would you like to know when he
