《(2020年7月整理)中考非谓语动词考点.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《(2020年7月整理)中考非谓语动词考点.doc(28页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、学 海 无 涯非谓语动词(一)非谓语动词就是在句子中不充当谓语的动词。它不受主语的限制,也没有像谓语动词那样的时态和语态的变化,又称为非限定动词,在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语和 状语。非谓语动词包括三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词。动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可不带to 。不定式的否定形式是not to+动词原形。动词不定式仍然具有动词的功能,可以接宾语或状语而构成不定式短语。例如:to beat the opponent 打败对手to put on your coat 穿上你的大衣to drive fast 快速驾车to return home 归国,回
2、家注意:不定式之前的to(又称为小品词)与介词to功能不同。介词to 之后要接名词或代词的宾格,或相当于名词的短语作它的宾语。而不定式的小品词to的后面需要跟原形动词。speak to him (to是介词)对他讲话to speak English (to是不定式的小品词)讲英语1 不定式在句子中的用法(1)不定式作名词的用法不定式起名词作用,在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。不定式作主语To grow more trees here is very important.(=It is very important to grow more trees here.)在这里多种些树是
3、非常重要的。To think carefully before you act is necessary.(=It is necessary for you to think carefully before you act.)你须三思而后行。To walk to school takes me twenty minutes.(=It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.)步行到学校我要花20多分钟。注意:在It is.to的句型中,It是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式;这种结构,避免了句子的头重脚轻。通常不定式被视为单数第三人称,所以动词用is或
4、was。Its bad for your eyes to read in the sun.在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。另外,不定式作主语的句子,同时有另外一个不定式作表语时,不能转换成“It is.to.”的句型。例如:To see is to believe. (百闻不如一见。)不能转换为: It is to believe to see.不定式作主语不定式,作主语,有一点,应注意,短语长,往后移,其位置,it 替。不定式作表语Her dream is to be a lawyer.她的梦想就是成为一名律师。What they want is to do it at once.他们所要求的就
5、是立刻着手做这件事。不定式作宾语不定式作宾语是用在及物动词之后。常用的及物动词有:want, wish, hope, like, begin, start, help, agree, refuse, promise, learn, forget, know, need, try等。She wanted to get home earlier that day.她那天想要早一些到家。They refused to do so.他们拒绝那样做。巧记接不定式作宾语的动词Hope、wish、want、agree、promise、Demand、ask、refuse、Manage、learn 、decid
6、e、Pretend、choose 三个希望两答应; 设法学会做决定 不要假装在选择不定式作宾语补足语要求用不定式作宾语补足语的动词很多,例如:ask, want, believe, know, tell, advice , like, feel, help, force, invite, let, have, make, prefer, notice, order, remind, see, teach, think, expect, enable, cause, choose, allow, persuade等。She adviced him to do so.她劝他这么做。The doct
7、or told me not to go on with the work.医生告诉我不要再继续做这件工作了。He reminded me to lock the door when I Left.他提醒我离开时锁上门。注意:1、表示感官的动词如see, hear, watch, feel, notice和某些使役动词如let, make, have等,其后作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to。例如:It made me feel thirsty.这东西让我感到口渴。2、动词help之后,不定式带to或不带to都可以。Will you please help me (to) take this s
8、uitcase?请你帮我提一下这个衣箱好吗?必背:下列结构必须使用不带to的动词不定式。had better do.最好还是做would you please do.请您做would rather do.宁愿做would sooner do.愿做may just as well do.是做的好rather than do.而不是做例如:Susan preferred to stay at the dormitory rather than go out with them.苏姗宁可呆在宿舍里,也不跟他们出去。As you are feeling hungry, you may just as
9、well find something to eat.既然你觉得饿了,还是找些吃的东西吧。Youd better take this way.你最好走这条路。注意:在复合宾语中,可以用形式宾语it代替作直接宾语的不定式,而将不定式放在补足语的后面。She found it difficult to change his mind.她发现要想改变他的思想 很困难。He considere d it his duty to do so.他认为这样做是应该的。The situation now makes it easy for them to finish building the bridge
10、on time.目前的这种情况使他们很容易按时完成大桥的建设。(2)不定式作形容词的用法-作定语不定式作定语修饰名词,要放在所修饰的名词之后(又称后置定语)。这类名词经常使用的有: time, way, chance, right(权 力),need(需要),decision(决定),opportunity(机会), effort(努力),courage(勇气),struggle(斗争)等。例如:Mr. Wang is a man to believe in.王先生是一位值得信赖的人。I think he is a man to depend on.我认为他是一个可以依赖的人。Can you
11、find anything to read at the dentist?在牙诊所你可以找到可阅读的东西吗?The boy found no one to play with.这孩子找不到人跟他一块玩。(3)不定式作副词的用法-作状语。不定式可以在句子中作目的、原因和结果状语。I am sorry to have bothered you.我非常抱歉打搅了你。(原因状语)They will come to the city to look for a job.他们将要到大城市来找工作。(目的状语)If you are so stupid as to do so, you must expect
12、 trouble.你如果愚蠢得这样做事,你就等着自找麻烦吧。(结果状语)“too.to.”结构中的不定式含有否定的意思,因此“too.to.”表示“太而 不能”。The boy is too young to join the army.这孩子太小,还不能参军。He is too busy to see me.他太忙,不能来看我。“so as.+不定式”结构,不定式作目的状语,意思是“以便”。“so+形容词(副词)+as+不定式”结构,不定式作结果状语。He went there quickly so as to meet her.他赶快到那里去以便可以碰见她。(目的)He was so ki
13、nd as to offer his seat to me.承他好意,把座位让给了我。(结果)The man was so angry as to smash the things in the room.这个人气极了,便开始摔屋里的东西。(结果)比较:不定式作宾语和作状语的区别。1 She wants to sleep. (作宾语)她想去睡觉。2 She went there to sleep. (作状语)她去那儿睡觉。不定式sleep在上述两句话中分别作宾语和状语。区分它们有两种方法:及物动词之后的不定式为宾语(如上面第一句);不及物动词之后的不定式为状语(如 上面第二句)。按句子含义理解
14、,第一句中,缺少不定式to sleep(作宾语),句子便不完整(she wants),因 此这里的不定式to sleep是不能缺的。而例2中的to sleep(作状语)修饰动词went,表示去 那里的目的(是睡觉)。如果没有这 个不定式to sleep,句子依然完整。(4)不定式作插入语To tell you the truth, youd better change your car.说实在话,你最好换换你这辆车。To be fair, its not his fault, hes not the one to blame.说句公道话,这不是他的错,不该责备他。2 不定式的时态不定式经常使用
15、的有三种时态形式:一般式,进行式和完成式。(1)一般式(to do)通常表示与谓语动词所示动作同时或在其后发生的行为或动作。She wanted to write a letter.她想写一封信。She told him to put the things in the room in order.她让他把屋子里的东西收拾一下。(2)进行式(to be doing)表示不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生。但注意,不定式所用的必须是延续性动词。It is foolish of him to be doing such a kind of things all the ti me.他老是做这种事情,真是愚蠢至极!That poor girl seems to be following him.那个可怜的女孩子好像在跟着他。(3)完成式(to have done)表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前。They appearedto have k