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1、Unit 4The Statue of Liberty 自由女神像In the mid-1870s, French artist Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was working on an enormous project called Liberty Enlightening the World, a monument celebrating US independence and the France-America alliance.19世纪70年代中期，法国艺术家弗里德里克奥古斯特巴托尔迪正在设计一个大项目，名为“自由照耀世界”。这是一座庆祝美国独立和美法
2、联盟的纪念碑。At the same time, he was in love with a woman whom he had met in Canada.与此同时，他爱上了一位他在加拿大认识的女子。His mother could not approve of her sons affection for a woman she had never met, but Bartholdi went ahead and married his love in 1876. 他母亲不赞成自己的儿子和一个她没有见过的女子恋爱，然而巴托尔迪不为所动，和心中所爱于1876年结为伉俪。That same
3、year Bartholdi had assembled the statues right arm and torch, and displayed them in Philadelphia.同年，巴托尔迪组装完雕像的右臂和火炬，并将它们列在费城。It is said that he had used his wifes arm as the model, but felt her face was too beautiful for the statue.据说，他用了妻子的手臂为模本，但觉得她的脸太漂亮，不适合做雕像模本。He needed someone whose face repre
4、sented suffering yet strength, someone more severe than beautiful. He chose his mother.他需要这样一个女人：面容沧桑却不失坚定，庄重多于美丽。他选择了自己的母亲The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on an island in Upper New York Bay in 1886.1886年，自由女神像在纽约湾北部落成。It had his mothers face and his wifes body, but Bartholdi called it my daughte
5、r, Liberty. 雕像综合了他母亲的脸和他妻子的身材，不过巴托尔迪称之为“我的女儿，自由之神”。 芭比娃娃 BarbieBefore all the different types of Barbie dolls for sale now, there was just a single Barbie. Actually, her name was Barbara.在现今销售的各式各样的芭比娃娃之前，原本部门只有一种芭比娃娃。实际上，她的名字叫芭芭拉。Barbara Handler was the daughter of Elliot and Ruth Handler, co-found
6、ers of the Mattel Toy Company.芭芭拉汉德勒是马特尔玩具公司的联合创始人艾略特和鲁思汉德勒夫妇的女儿。Ruth came up with the idea for Barbie after watching her daughter play with paper dolls.鲁思是在见到女儿玩纸娃娃之后才想到做芭比娃娃的。The three-dimensional model for Barbie was a German dolla joke gift for adults described as having the appearance of a woma
7、n who sold sex.芭比娃娃的三维模特是一个德国洋娃娃，一个哄成年人开心的礼物，被描绘成具有“风尘女子”的模样。Mattel refashioned the doll into a decent, all-Americanalthough with an exaggerated breast sizeversion and named it after Barbara, who was then a teenager.马特尔公司将这个娃娃做了一番改造，变成了体面而地道的美国版本，尽管胸围有些夸。它以当时10多岁的少女芭芭拉的名字命名。Since her introduction in
8、 1959, Barbie has become the universally recognized Queen of the Dolls.自从1959年面世，芭比娃娃就成了全球公认的“娃娃女王”。Mattel says the average American girl owns ten Barbie dolls, and two are sold somewhere in the world every second.马特尔公司说，一般的美国女孩拥有10个芭比娃娃，全球每秒钟就有两个芭比娃娃售出。Now more than sixty years old, Barbarawho decl
9、ines interviews but is said to have loved the dollmay be the most famous unknown figure on the planet.如今芭芭拉已有60多岁了，她拒绝接受采访，但据说她非常喜欢芭比娃娃。她可能是当今世上最著名的不为人知的人物了。Barbies boyfriend, Ken, was introduced in 1961 and named after Barbaras brother.1961年，芭比娃娃的男朋友面世，按芭芭拉的弟弟肯的名字命名。The real Ken, who died in 1994,
10、was disgusted by the doll that made his family famous. I dont want my children to play with it, he said in 1993. 真正的肯于1994年去世。他对令自己全家名扬天下的娃娃极为厌恶。他在1993年说：“我可不想让我的孩子玩这洋娃娃。”美国哥特人 American GothicGrant Wood instantly rose to fame in 1930 with his painting American Gothic, an often-copied interpretation
11、of the solemn pride of American farmers. 1930年，格兰特伍德因其画作美国哥特人一举成名。此画体现了美国农民庄严的自豪，常常被人复制。The painting shows a serious-looking man and a woman standing in front of a farmhouse.画面展示了一位神色严肃的男子和一位女子站立在农舍之前。He was strongly influenced by medieval artists and inspired by the Gothic window of an old farmhous
12、e, but the faces in his composition were what captured the worlds attention.伍德深受中世纪艺术家的影响，他的灵感来自于一所古老农舍的哥特式窗户，但最令世界注目的是画中人物的脸。Wood liked to paint faces he knew well. For the grave farmer he used his dentist, a sour-looking man. For the woman standing alongside him, the artist chose his sister, Nan.
13、He stretched the models necks a bit, but there was no doubt who posed for the portrait. 伍德喜欢画他熟悉的脸。为画神色严肃的农夫，他选择了他那表情木讷的牙医，至于站在他身边的农妇，他选择了自己的姐姐南。他把模特的脖子稍稍画长了一些，但无疑能看出谁是画像的原型。Nan later remarked that the fame she gained from American Gothic saved her from a very boring life.南后来说道，美国哥特人带给她的名誉使她摆脱了一种非常乏
14、味的生活。野牛镍币 The Buffalo NickelToday, American coins honor prominent figures of the US governmentmostly famous former presidents.今天，美国的硬币都用来纪念美国政府的杰出人物，其部分是著名的前总统。But the Buffalo nickel, produced from 1913 to 1938, honored a pair of connected tragedies from the settlement of the American frontierthe de
15、struction of the buffalo herds and the American Indians.但1913至1938年间发行的野牛镍币，却是为了纪念由美国拓居引起的两起相互关联的悲剧野牛群的灭绝和美洲印第安人的毁灭。While white people had previously been used as models for most American coins, famed artist James Earle Fraser went against tradition by using three actual American Indians as models f
16、or his creation.此前一直是白人被用作美国镍币上的模特，而著名的艺术家詹姆斯厄尔弗雷泽却反传统而行之，起用了三名真正的美洲印第安人作为自己创作的原型。For the buffalo on the other side, since buffalo no longer wandered about the great grasslands, Fraser was forced to sketch an aging buffalo from New York Citys Central Park Zoo.由于大草原上不再有野牛漫步，弗雷泽为了镍币另一面上的野牛，只好到纽约中央公园的动物园里素描一只老野牛。Two years later, in 1915, this animal was sold for
