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1、 .American Civil War1.The Origin of Civil WarThe first part is the origin of Civil War. In its early independence US has only 13 states and in early 19th century up to 25 states, until 20th century up to 50 states.This is a sketch map of American territorial expansion. I want to mention Westward Mov
2、ement which promote the development of western industry. This is the difference between north and south.Northern capitalist Industrial and Commercial economy,1810-1860 American industrial output increased by 9 times. While the northern industrial output accounting for the proportion of 91% , account
3、ing for 75% of the GDPSouthern plantation slavery economy,In 1790 the number of Southern slaves up to 67.7 million, and by 1860 the number increased to 400 million.Planters squeezed a profit of $ 80 from every slave, to the year of 1860 squeezed profits rose to $ 1400-2000 per person.Everywhere in t
4、he south to sell slaves in the scene.Everyone has heard of this novel Uncle Toms Cabin,an anti-slavery novel.To a certain extent, it led to regional conflicts in the civil war in the US.It is the contradiction whether to keep or abolish slavery that result in Civil War. The conflicting focuses are t
5、he contradiction between northern capitalist Industrial and Commercial economy and southern plantation slavery economy.2.The development of Civil WarDevelopment timeline -BeforeThe Compromise of 1850 was formally proposed by Clay and guided to passage by Douglas over Northern Whig and Southern Democ
6、rat opposition. It was enacted September 1850:1. California admitted as a free state;2. Utah Territory and New Mexico Territory organized with slavery to be decided by popular sovereignty;3. Texas dropped its claim to land ,in return for the assumption of $10 million of the old republics debt.4. Sla
7、ve trade was abolished in Washington, D.C. (but not slavery itself);5. The Fugitive Slave Act was strengthened.11850妥协是由粘土正式提出并由道格拉斯引导穿越北方辉格党人和南方民主党人反对。这是九月颁布的1850：加利福尼亚承认作为一个自由的国家；犹他州和墨西哥州的新领地，由受欢迎的主权决定；德克萨斯放弃了对土地的要求，以换取1000万美元的旧共和国债务的假设。奴隶贸易在华盛顿被废除，但不是奴隶制度本身）；逃亡奴隶法得到加强。TheKansasNebraska Actof 1854
8、 legislated this doctrine.1854堪萨斯内布拉斯加法案立法，这一学说。The KansasNebraska Act of 1854 (10 Stat. 277) created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and was drafted by Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois and President Franklin Pierce. The initial purpose of the KansasNebraska Act was to open u
9、p thousands of new farms and make a feasible Midwestern Transcontinental Railroad. The popular sovereignty clause of the law led pro-slavery and anti-slavery elements to flood into Kansas with the goal of voting slavery up or down, resulting in Bleeding Kansas.21854堪萨斯内布拉斯加法案（10 Stat. 277）创建了堪萨斯和内布拉
10、斯加领地是由民主党参议员史蒂芬道格拉斯的伊利诺斯总统富兰克林起草。堪萨斯的内布拉斯加法案的最初目的是为了打开成千上万的新农场，制定切实可行的中西部铁路。该法的受欢迎的主权条款导致了亲和反奴隶制的因素，以堪萨斯为目标，投票反对或下降，导致出血堪萨斯。Republican Party was founded in 1854 in the northern . Bleeding Kansas. presaged the Civil War.流血的堪萨斯预示着内战。The actions of abolitionist John BrownPerceived insults to Southern c
11、ollective honor included the enormous popularity of Uncle Toms Cabin (1852) and the actions of abolitionist John Brown in trying to incite a slave rebellion in 1859.3认为南方集体荣誉的侮辱，包括汤姆叔叔的小屋的巨大成功（1852） 62 和废奴主义者约翰布朗动作试图煽动1859奴隶起义。In 1860, Lincoln who advocate the abolition of slavery was elected presid
12、ent1860年主张废除奴隶制的林肯当选总统【Lincolns electionThe election of Abraham Lincoln in November 1860 was the final trigger for secession.Efforts at compromise, including the Corwin Amendment and the Crittenden Compromise, failed. Southern leaders feared that Lincoln would stop the expansion of slavery and put i
13、t on a course toward extinction. The slave states, which had already become a minority in the House of Representatives, were now facing a future as a perpetual minority in the Senate and Electoral College against an increasingly powerful North. 林肯的当选亚伯拉罕林肯在1860十一月选举脱离最终触发。 66 妥协，包括“科温修正案”和“克里坦登妥协”，失
14、败。南方的领导人担心，林肯会停止奴隶制的扩展，并把它放在一个课程走向灭绝。在众议院，已经成为少数民族的奴隶，现在面临着一个未来，作为一个永久的少数人在参议院和选举团对一个日益强大的北方。】Development timeline - OutbreakOn December 18, 1860, the Crittenden Compromise was proposed to re-establish the Missouri Compromise line by constitutionally banning slavery in territories to the north of th
15、e line while guaranteeing it to the south. The adoption of this compromise would have likely prevented the secession of every southern state apart from South Carolina, but Lincoln and the Republicans rejected it.41860年12月18日，Crittenden妥协提出了重建的密苏里妥协线通过宪法禁止奴隶制的领土分界线以北的同时保证它的南部。这种妥协可能采用会阻止每一个南方州的分裂除了南卡
16、罗来纳州，但林肯和共和党拒绝。1860.12.20 the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal UnionThe convention summoned unanimously voted to secede on December 20, 1860 and adopted the Declaration of the Immediate Causes which induce and justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union. 会议召集全体一致投票决定脱离联邦在1860年12月20日通过的“直接原因导致申报证明南卡罗莱纳州脱离联邦”。The remaining
