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1、各种时态和语态的结构：1.do/doesam/is/are+done2. didwas/were+done3. am/is/are doingam/is/are+being+done4. was/were+doingwas/were+being+done5. will dowill be doneam/is/are going to doam/is/are going to be done6. would dowould be donewas/were going to dowas/were going to be done7. have/has donehave/has been done8
2、. had donehad been done含情态动词的主动和被动：情态动词+do情态动词+be+doneExercises:1. I clean my room every day. 2. I cleaned my room yesterday.3. I am cleaning my room now. 4. I will clean my room this evening. 5. I have just cleaned my room. 6. You can clean your room tomorrow. More exercises:1. People use knives fo
3、r cutting things2. They filled the box with books. 3. They make the bikes in the factory. 4. People speak English in many countries.5. They will paint the house again next year.6. I have told the children many times not to play with fire.7. The workers are repairing the bridge8. You must finish the
4、article before Friday.9. He is teaching us how to operate the new machine.10. They have repaired the bridge.11. My father wrote the book12. We must do something to help her.13. Our village has built a plasticfactory14. We call him Jim. 15. We must take good care of the young trees.16. My mother made
5、 me a cake.17. We saw him enter the classroom 18. I saw them playing football.19. I made him join the English Corner. 20. I often hear her sing in the next room. 将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：一、含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：将间接宾语变为 主语，直接 宾语保持不变；将直接宾语变为 主语，间 接宾语用介词to 或 for 引导。例如：My father gave me a new book on my bir
6、thday.I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. （间接宾语作了主语）A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday.Mother made me a new skirt. A new skirt was made for me. *在下列动词后，通常在间接宾语前用介词to：give, lend, offer, pass, send, show, tell 等。在下列动词后，一般在间接宾语前用介词for:buy, cook, get, make, sing 等
7、。 二、短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：The patient is being operated on. The old are taken good care of in this country. This dictionary mustnt be taken away from the library三、含复合宾语（宾语+宾补 ）的主动句改为被动句时，一般把主动句中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面成为主语补足语。如：We always keep the classroom clean. 我们总是保持教室清洁。
8、 -The classroom is always kept clean. 教室总是保持清洁的。 They asked me to help them. I was asked to help them. We saw them playing football. They were seen playing football. 注意： 1. 在 see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel 等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后要加上 to。 We often hear her sing. She i
9、s often heard to sing. 经常有人听到她唱歌。 2. 如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如：We call him TomHe is called Tom. 四、注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：The window is broken窗子破了。（系表结构）The window is broken by him窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）如：be broken, be worried about, be
10、closed, be lost, be hurt牢记（相关）句型初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1be covered with 被覆盖2be made of 由制作（发生物理变化）be made from 由制作（发生化学变化）be made into 被制成产品 be made in 由（某地）制造 be made by 被（某人）制造 be made up of=consist of由组成3be used for 被用来be used to do sth被用 来做某事be used as 被当作（作为）来使用4It is said that据说It is well known that
11、众所周知It is reported that.据报道例如： Your coat looks niceIs it _ cotton？YesIts ShanghaiAmade of； made byBmade of； made inCmade for；made byDmade for；made in This machine is used _ the room wetAfor keeping Bas keepingCkeep Dto keeping几种特殊的被动语态不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be 过去分词”。例如：The radio says a wild animal
12、zoo is to be built in our cityThe child is sure to be punished for that. 那个孩子肯定 会因为 那件事受罚的。2. 带介 词的动词 短语的被动语态 。Such a thing has never been heard of. 这件事前所未闻。带副词的动词短语的被动语态。The radio has just been turned off. 收音机刚刚被关上。3.某些表主 语 内在品质或性能的 动词如：sell, wash, read ,write, translate, ride, cook 等动词若有状语 well, e
13、asily, badly 来修饰时，用主动形式表达被动意义。Does the cloth wash well? The pen writes well. 这枝钢笔写字流畅。The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。温馨提示：注意主动表被动的情况：a. have sth to doI have a lot of clothes to wash. b. sth be adj to doI think English is easy to learn.The physics problem is not difficult to work out.c. be worth doing s
14、thThe film is worthing seeing. d. sth need doingneed to be doneThe desk needs repairing. The desk needs to be repaired. e. tooto doThe desk is too heavy to carry. f. 某些与 cant, wont 等连用的不及物动词,如 move, lock, shut, open 等,常用主动结构表 被动含义, 例如：The door wont lock. The door wont shut. The window wont open.g. 某些表示状态特征的系动词，如：sound, seem ,smell, taste, look ,feel.,有时用主动形式表被动意义。The music sounds wonderful.The flowers smell sweet.The apples taste delicious.5. 有些 动词没 有被动语态, 如：take place, happen, belong to, break down, break out 等。
