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1、Dec.,2015 BY Joyce,Chapter 5,Cargo Transportation,After learning this chapter you will be able to understand the importance of ocean transportation and how liner freight is obtained know other modes of transportation in terms of their features, suitability and freight calculation be aware of the imp
2、ortance of ocean bill of lading and its different types describe a range of other transportation documents stipulate delivery clause in a sales contract,Objectives,Key topics,Ocean Transportation Other Modes of Transportation Transportation Documents Shipment Clause in the Sales Contract,Ocean trans
3、portation Rail transportation Road transportation Air transportation International multimodal transportation Container transportation,Modes of transportation,Liner transportation （班轮运输/定期船运） Charter transportation（租船运输）,5.1 Ocean Transportation,5.1.1 Liner transportation,Liner: definition a vessel w
4、ith regular sailings and arrivals sailing on a fixed (regular) sailing route calling at fixed (regular) base ports adopting a comparatively fixed timetable charges at comparatively fixed freight rates freight inclusive of loading & unloading cost Liner: types conference liners 公会同盟班轮 non-conference
5、liners 非公会同盟班轮,Liner transportation,Liner transportation,Liner Freight = basic freight rate + surcharges and additional Calculation formula of liner freight Total Freight = Total Quantity Basic Freight Rate (1+ Surcharge /Additional Rates) Basic Freight Rate: quoted by the carrier,Liner transportati
6、on,Surcharges Bunker Surcharge (bunker adjustment factor/BAF) Currency Surcharge (currency adjustment factor/CAF) Port Congestion Surcharge Transshipment Surcharge Port Surcharge ,Liner transportation,Additional Heavy lift additional e.g. for cargo over 5 MT per unit Lengthy cargo additional e.g. fo
7、r cargo over 9m per unit Bulky cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 6cbm per unit ,Additional on optional discharging port,例2：Destination Port: One port of Barcelona/Marseilles/Genoa at buyers option, the buyers must declare the definite port of destination to the carriers 10 days before the vessels
8、 expected time of arrival at the first discharging port and bear the optional fees thus incurred. （目的港：下列各港之一巴塞罗那/马赛/热那亚由买方选择并负担选港费用。买方应于船舶预计抵达第一选卸港之前10天前向承运人宣布确定的目的港。）,Liner transportation,Freight calculation: Illustration Suppose: Company A exports 1000 cases of Commodity Y to London. The volume p
9、er case is 40cm x 30cm x 20cm, and the gross weight is 30kg per case. For Commodity Y, the freight rate basis is W/M, and the Freight Tariff (China London) is USD230, with a 10% port surcharge. How much is the total freight?,Liner transportation,Solution: W: 30kg = 0.03 M/T M: 0.4 x 0.3 x 0.2 = 0.02
10、4 m3 W M, “W” is the freight basis for the calculation of freight Total Freight = Total Quantity Basic Freight Rate (1+ Surcharge/Additional Rates) = 1000 cases 0.03 M/T USD230 ( 1 +10%) = USD 7590 Answer: The total freight cost is USD7590.,5.1.2 Charter transportation,Characteristics No fixed route
11、s No fixed timetables Freight charged on the volume of cargo Suitable for cargo of a complete shipload (e.g. bulk cargo) Types voyage charter: hired based on a particular voyage time charter: the hire of a ship for a period of time bare boat charter: the hire of the vessel itself,Charter transportat
12、ion,Charter party the contract between the ship-owner (carrier) and the charterer (shipper) Contents the contract parties the ship conditions: e.g. the ships name, age, nationality, tonnage voyage: e.g. ports of shipment & destination charter freight division of loading & unloading cost lay days, de
13、murrage & dispatch freight payment terms ,Charter transportation,Specifying loading & unloading cost Four methods: I. & O. or Liner Terms/Gross Terms: In and Out F.I. :Free In F.O.: Free Out F.I.O.: Free In and Out Or F.I.O.S.T.: Free In and Out, Stowed and Trimmed,Charter transportation,Lay time (装
14、卸时间) also called lay day, is the period of time allowed to the charterer for the loading or unloading of goods without additional charge Methods of stipulation Days or running days or consecutive days Weather working days of 24 hours A weather working day of 24 consecutive hours ,Charter transportat
15、ion,Demurrage （滞期费） the amount of money paid as a penalty at an agreed rate by the charterer to compensate the ship-owner for his losses in case the charterer fails to have loading and unloading completed within the lay time Dispatch （速遣费） the amount of money paid as a bonus by the ship-owner to the charterer if they get loading and unloading done ahead of schedule. normally dispatch money = the demurrage,Air Transport
