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1、1.高中英语语法讲解-形容词和副词一、教学目标:掌握形容词和副词的用法及排列顺序二、教学重难点:多个形容词修饰名词的顺序副词的排列顺序以-ly 结尾的形容词三、教学过程1.形容词及其用法 :形容词(adjective ): 1.1 概念: 形容词是用来描写或修饰名词(或代词) 的一类词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。1.2 特征: 一般置于其修饰的名词之前。 eg. a big fire / a hot day/ a terrible film 1.3 分类:形容词可根据其结构可分为 简单形容词 eg. good/ green/ long/ large/ bright / interesting/
2、 learned/tired 等。复合形容词 eg. good-looking / hearting-breaking/ hand-made/ new-born 等。形容词又可根据其与所修饰名词的关系分成 性质形容词 eg. hot/ cold/ warm /cool 等。 叙述形容词 eg. afraid / ill 等。1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以 a 开头的形容词都属于这一类。如:afraid 害怕的。e
3、g. (错)He is an ill man. (对)The man is ill. (错)She is an afraid girl. (对)The girl is afraid.* 这类词还有: well,unwell,ill ,faint,afraid ,alike ,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。3)以-ly 结尾的形容词 :大部分形容词加-ly 可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely ,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。注意: costly: adj.花钱多的; 昂贵的 ;价钱高的 eg.
4、 Buying new furniture may prove too costly.eg. (错)She sang lovely. ( 对)Her singing was lovely. (错) He spoke to me very friendly. (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 有些以 -ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词,如 daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early 等。eg. The Times is a weekly paper. 时代周刊为周刊。 The Times is published week
5、ly. 时代周刊每周发行一期。1.4 形容词的功用:1)定语: eg. A good boy must behave himself. 好孩子应该行为规矩。 I passed a sleepless night.2.The wind from the north is bringing heavy rains. 被风带来了大雨。2)表语: eg. He is very strong. The patient is asleep. Hes fond of music.3)主语补语: eg. The room was found empty. Dont marry young. 4)宾语补语: e
6、g. Have you got everything ready? I cant drink it hot. Whos left the door open?5)状语: eg. He went home, tired and hungry. He kept his eyes wide open. 6)独立成分: eg. Strange to say, he is still ignorant of it. More important, hes got a steady job.1.5 用形容词表示类别和整体1.某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接,如:the dead,t
7、he living,the rich,the poor,the blind ,the hungry等。 eg. The poor are losing hope. 穷人行将失去希望。2.有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用,如:the British,the English,the French,the Chinese 等。eg. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。1.6 名词化的形容词: 用作名词的形容词叫做名词化的形容词。名词化的形容词常与定冠词连用。1)泛指一类人,含有复数概念,作主语谓语
8、用复数动词。eg. The good are happy. 善者常乐。 The sick were sent home. 病员被送回家。2) 指抽象事物,作主语谓语用单数动词。eg. The beautiful can never die.美是不朽的。 The true is to be distinguished from the false.真伪要明辨。3) 有些形容可加复数词尾 “-s”。eg. I asked one of the locals which way to go. We are taking our finals next week. 1.7 形容词的位置: 1)形容词作
9、定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。eg. The boy spent all of his time playing electronic games. *但是如果形容词修饰以-thing 为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后。eg. Tell me something interesting. No, there is nothing special.2)表语形容词必须后置。eg. The house ablaze (着火的) is next door to me. The boat afloat was not seen by him.*有些形容词用作非限定性定语时亦可后置。eg. The m
10、an, silent, stood beside her. She, nervous, opened the letter.3)以 able 和 ible 结尾的形容词可置于前有最高级形容词或 only 等词的名词之后。eg. That is the greatest difficulty imaginable.那是最大不过的一种困难。=the great imaginable difficulty. 3.That is the only solution possible. 那是唯一可行的解决办法。= the only possible solution.He is the best per
11、son available. 他是现有的最好的人选。 = the best available person.另外: in past years = in years past 过去的年月 the following days = the days following 以后的日子 total sum = sum total 总数 positive proof = proof positive 正面的证据4) 固定短语: eg. the body politic: 国家(政体) post master general: 邮政部长5)和空间、时间单位合用时: eg. two months ago
12、a ruler twelve inches long a well fifteen feet deep 6)形容词 enough(adj.)一般须后置;但也可前置。 eg. I have time enough. = I have enough time. She has enough money.= She has money enough.7)成对的形容词可以后置。eg. There was a huge cupboard, simple and beautiful. She has many pencils, blue and red.8)形容词短语后置,往往相当于定语从句 。 eg.
13、I think he is a man suitable for the job. We need a place twice larger than this one. 9)多个形容词修饰名词(前置形容词)的排列顺序: 多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:限定词(冠词、物主、指示、数词、不定代词等)-描绘词-(大小,长短,形状,新旧,年龄等 )-颜色-出处- 材料性质-类别 + 名词。eg. a small round table a dirty old brown shirt an expensive Japanese sports car a famous German medical sc
14、hool a tall gray building a weak small spare old man : 一个瘦小的小老头 分析: 不定冠词+ 描绘形容词+特征形容词(大小 / 形状 / 年龄) + 名词the first beautiful little white Chinese stone bridge 那第一座美丽的中国小白石桥分析:定冠词+数词+ 描绘形容词+ 特征形容词 (大小/ 颜色) +专有名词+ 名词性定语+ 名词 典型例题:1.Tony is going camping with _ boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two答案:C。由限定词- 数词-描绘词 (大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) -性质-名词的顺序可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C 符合答案。2. One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old答案: A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+