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1、1.高中英语语法讲解-形容词和副词一、教学目标：掌握形容词和副词的用法及排列顺序二、教学重难点：多个形容词修饰名词的顺序副词的排列顺序以-ly 结尾的形容词三、教学过程1.形容词及其用法 :形容词（adjective ）: 1.1 概念： 形容词是用来描写或修饰名词(或代词) 的一类词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。1.2 特征: 一般置于其修饰的名词之前。 eg. a big fire / a hot day/ a terrible film 1.3 分类:形容词可根据其结构可分为 简单形容词 eg. good/ green/ long/ large/ bright / interesting/
2、 learned/tired 等。复合形容词 eg. good-looking / hearting-breaking/ hand-made/ new-born 等。形容词又可根据其与所修饰名词的关系分成 性质形容词 eg. hot/ cold/ warm /cool 等。 叙述形容词 eg. afraid / ill 等。1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以 a 开头的形容词都属于这一类。如：afraid 害怕的。e
3、g. (错)He is an ill man. (对)The man is ill. (错)She is an afraid girl. (对)The girl is afraid.* 这类词还有： well，unwell，ill ，faint，afraid ，alike ，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。3)以-ly 结尾的形容词 :大部分形容词加-ly 可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely ，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。注意: costly: adj.花钱多的; 昂贵的 ;价钱高的 eg.
4、 Buying new furniture may prove too costly.eg. (错)She sang lovely. ( 对)Her singing was lovely. (错) He spoke to me very friendly. (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 有些以 -ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early 等。eg. The Times is a weekly paper. 时代周刊为周刊。 The Times is published week
5、ly. 时代周刊每周发行一期。1.4 形容词的功用:1)定语: eg. A good boy must behave himself. 好孩子应该行为规矩。 I passed a sleepless night.2.The wind from the north is bringing heavy rains. 被风带来了大雨。2)表语: eg. He is very strong. The patient is asleep. Hes fond of music.3)主语补语: eg. The room was found empty. Dont marry young. 4)宾语补语: e
6、g. Have you got everything ready? I cant drink it hot. Whos left the door open?5)状语: eg. He went home, tired and hungry. He kept his eyes wide open. 6)独立成分: eg. Strange to say, he is still ignorant of it. More important, hes got a steady job.1.5 用形容词表示类别和整体1.某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如：the dead，t
7、he living，the rich，the poor，the blind ，the hungry等。 eg. The poor are losing hope. 穷人行将失去希望。2.有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用，如：the British，the English，the French，the Chinese 等。eg. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。1.6 名词化的形容词: 用作名词的形容词叫做名词化的形容词。名词化的形容词常与定冠词连用。1)泛指一类人,含有复数概念,作主语谓语
8、用复数动词。eg. The good are happy. 善者常乐。 The sick were sent home. 病员被送回家。2) 指抽象事物,作主语谓语用单数动词。eg. The beautiful can never die.美是不朽的。 The true is to be distinguished from the false.真伪要明辨。3) 有些形容可加复数词尾 “-s”。eg. I asked one of the locals which way to go. We are taking our finals next week. 1.7 形容词的位置: 1)形容词作
9、定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。eg. The boy spent all of his time playing electronic games. *但是如果形容词修饰以-thing 为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后。eg. Tell me something interesting. No, there is nothing special.2)表语形容词必须后置。eg. The house ablaze (着火的) is next door to me. The boat afloat was not seen by him.*有些形容词用作非限定性定语时亦可后置。eg. The m
10、an, silent, stood beside her. She, nervous, opened the letter.3)以 able 和 ible 结尾的形容词可置于前有最高级形容词或 only 等词的名词之后。eg. That is the greatest difficulty imaginable.那是最大不过的一种困难。=the great imaginable difficulty. 3.That is the only solution possible. 那是唯一可行的解决办法。= the only possible solution.He is the best per
11、son available. 他是现有的最好的人选。 = the best available person.另外: in past years = in years past 过去的年月 the following days = the days following 以后的日子 total sum = sum total 总数 positive proof = proof positive 正面的证据4) 固定短语: eg. the body politic: 国家(政体) post master general: 邮政部长5)和空间、时间单位合用时: eg. two months ago
12、a ruler twelve inches long a well fifteen feet deep 6)形容词 enough(adj.)一般须后置;但也可前置。 eg. I have time enough. = I have enough time. She has enough money.= She has money enough.7)成对的形容词可以后置。eg. There was a huge cupboard, simple and beautiful. She has many pencils, blue and red.8)形容词短语后置,往往相当于定语从句 。 eg.
13、I think he is a man suitable for the job. We need a place twice larger than this one. 9)多个形容词修饰名词(前置形容词)的排列顺序: 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词(冠词、物主、指示、数词、不定代词等)-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，年龄等 )-颜色-出处- 材料性质-类别 + 名词。eg. a small round table a dirty old brown shirt an expensive Japanese sports car a famous German medical sc
14、hool a tall gray building a weak small spare old man : 一个瘦小的小老头 分析: 不定冠词+ 描绘形容词+特征形容词(大小 / 形状 / 年龄) + 名词the first beautiful little white Chinese stone bridge 那第一座美丽的中国小白石桥分析:定冠词+数词+ 描绘形容词+ 特征形容词 (大小/ 颜色) +专有名词+ 名词性定语+ 名词 典型例题:1.Tony is going camping with _ boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two答案：C。由限定词- 数词-描绘词 (大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -性质-名词的顺序可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C 符合答案。2. One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old答案: A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+
