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1、新概念英语第二册Lesson 4 An exciting tripI have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car
2、 and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he isfinding2this trip very exciting.参考译文我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信,他正在澳大利亚。他在那儿已经住了6个月了。蒂姆是个工程师,正在为一家大公司工作,并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽
3、车,现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久还将到达尔文去,从那里,他再飞往珀斯。我弟弟以前从未出过国,因此,他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。单词1.exciting adj. 令人兴奋的excited adj. (感到)兴奋的excite v. 令兴奋(人作主语) It must be an exciting trip. 那一定是一次令人兴奋的旅行。类似的词:surprising 令人惊奇的 surprised 感到惊奇的interesting 令人感兴趣的interested 感到感兴趣的shocking 令人震惊的 shocked 感到震惊的statisfying 令人满意的 sta
4、tisfied 感到满意的disappointing 令人失望的disappointed 感到失望的moving 令人感动的 moved 感到感动的touching 令人感动的 touched 感到感动的embarrassing 令人尴尬的embarrassed 感到尴尬的2receive vt.(1)接到,收到,得到:When did you receive that letter?你什么时候收到那封信的?Susan received a gift/card this morning.今天上午苏珊收到了一份礼物一张卡。receive是“收到”,指的是一个被动的动作,主观上接受与不接受并不清楚
5、。take则是主动地“拿”、“取”:He told me to take the keys from his pocket.他让我从他口袋里把钥匙拿出来。I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday.我叔叔给了我一枝漂亮的钢笔。昨天我弟弟把笔拿走了。(2)招待,接待:You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.如果你要接待这么多客人,你就需要一个大房间。We usually receive gues
6、ts on Saturday.我们通常星期六招待宾客。receive 收到accept 接受take 拿走 bring 带来receiver 收到的人;电话听筒He put down the receiver angrily. 他生气地挂断电话。3different adj. (名词为difference)(1)不同的,相异的(经常与from连用):Desks are different from tables.书桌与桌子不一样。My room is different form yours.我的房间与你的不同。We are planning something different this
7、year.我们今年有不同的打算。(2)各种各样的,不同的:He has visited many different places in China.他去过中国的不少地方。This department store sells a large number of different things.这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。difference n. 区别,差别tell the difference between A and B 辨认A与B的区别4. firm1) n. (尤作口语)公司He is working for a big firm. 他在一家大公司工作。company (
8、更口语化)公司corporation 公司,法人。团体enterprise 事业单位,企业,单位,公司,商行group 集团公司2) adj. 牢固的,稳固的,坚实的Prices are still firm. 物价仍旧很稳定。as firm as rock 坚如磐石a firm foundation 坚实的基础3) adj. 坚定的,坚决的His reply to the request was a firm “No!” 他坚决地拒绝这个要求。5. centre (U.S. -ter)shopping center 购物中心shopping mall 大型购物商城training cente
9、r 培训中心service centre 服务中心Beijing is the center of politics, economics and culture of China. 北京是中国政治,经济和文化的中心。6. abroad adv. 在国外(in or to another country overseas)be abroad 在国外go abroad 出国live abroad 在国外居住traval abroad 出国旅行He will go abroad next month. 他下个月出国。语法一、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1一般过去时表示在过去的具体时间里发生的动作
10、,而现在完成时是表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的事情。I finished my work two hours ago.两个小时前我就完成了我的工作了。I have already finished my work.我已经完成我的工作了。(表示刚完成)I was in Europe last year / when I was ten years old.去年/在我10岁那年我在欧洲。(表示现在不在)I have been in Europe many times / once (no mention of time).我曾经来过欧洲很多次。(现在可能在欧洲,也可能不在。未提到过去的具体时间。)
11、2现在完成时表示某一已完成的动作对现在所造成的影响和结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。而一般过去时只是单纯表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生联系,它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。He has lived in Beijing since liberation.解放后他一直住在北京。He lived in Beijing before liberation.解放前他住在北京。We have visited a power station.我们曾经参观过一个发电站。We visited a power station last week.上周我们参观了一个发电站。He
12、has gone back to his native town.他已经回到他的家乡了。He went back to his native town last month.他上个月回到了他的家乡。二、现在完成时与现在进行时的区别 现在完成时的时间概念有时是不确定的。我们所关心的是现存的结果,或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。现在完成时不能和明确表示过去的副词如ago,yesterday等连用。经常和现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语有:before(以前),so far(到目前为止),up to now(直到现在),just(刚刚),already(已经),lately(最近);疑问句和否定句中常用
13、ever,yet,never,notever等。现在进行时经常用于表示在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况,因此往往不需要和时间状语连用。试比较:Have you washed the dishes yet?你洗完那些碟子了吗?Im washing them now.我正在洗。I have just made the cakes.我刚做好这些蛋糕。I am making cakes.我正在做蛋糕。三、同位语 一个名词(或名词短语)与另一个名词(或名词短语)并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。课文中有两句话含有同位语:I have just recei
14、ved a letter from my brother, Tim.我刚刚收到我弟弟蒂姆的来信。(Tim是my brother的同位语。它们指的是同一个人。Tim用来补充说明my brother的名字)He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车,现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。(在这句话中,a small town in the centre of Australia是Alice Spr
15、ings的同位语,补充说明这是个多大的镇子,在什么地方。)在译成汉语时,同位语或插入主语中,或另外译为一句,很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。请参阅课文中两个句子的译文。同位语如果太长,可以另译为一句。如课文中第二个例句的后半部分可以译为:现在去了艾利斯斯普林斯。这是澳大利亚中部的一个小镇。其他同位语的例句如:This is John, one of my best friends.这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。Mrs. Smith, my neighbour, has never been abroad.我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。课文讲解An exciting tripexciting adj. 令人兴奋的。注意区分它与excited的用法excited adj. 某人自己感到兴奋的,动词的宾语是人,让后面的人感到激动或兴奋。例如:an exciting story/discovery激动人心的故事/发现He was very excited to be asked t