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1、姓名 :_编号 :_地区 :_省市 :_密封线密封线 全国研究生入学考试重点试题精编注意事项:1.全卷采用机器阅卷，请考生注意书写规范；考试时间为120分钟。2.在作答前，考生请将自己的学校、姓名、班级、准考证号涂写在试卷和答题卡规定位置。 3.部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题部分必须使用黑色签字笔书写，字体工整，笔迹清楚。 4.请按照题号在答题卡上与题目对应的答题区域内规范作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效:在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。一、选择题1、The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its
2、 peer-review process,editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today.The policy follows similar efforts from other journals,after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the c
3、onclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial.Working with the American Statistical Association,the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors（SBoRE）.Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journals internal editors,or by
4、its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change,McNutt said:“The creation of thestatistics boardwas motivated by concerns broadly with th
5、e application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of?Sciences overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani,a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health,a member of the SBoRE group.He says he expects the board to“
6、play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he“found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel,unique and likely to have a lasting impact.This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself,but hopefully through a larger group of publishing pl
7、aces that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis,a physician who studies research methodology,says that the policy is“a most welcome step forward”and“long overdue.”“Most journals are weak in statistical review,and this damages the quality of what they publish.I think that,for
8、 the majority of scientific papers nowadays,statistical review is more essential than expert review,”he says.But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine,the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professiona
9、l scientists are expected to know how to analyze data,but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research,according to David Vaux,a cell biologist.Researchers should improve their standards,he wrote in 2012,but journals should also take a tougher line,“engaging reviewers who are stati
10、stically literate and editors who can verify the process”.Vaux says that Sciences idea to pass some papers to statisticians“has some merit,but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identifythe papers that need scrutinyin the first place”.Which of the following is the best
11、 title of the text? A.Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers B.Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect C.Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto EditorsDesks D.Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science 2、Being fat doesnt necessarily mean youre unhealthy,according to a new study.Research
12、ers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 its 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a
13、press 6.She says 7,most studies definedhealthyobesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor-which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthyobesity is still 11 higher
14、 mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked
15、 at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,Kuk says.accordi
16、ng to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when its 19 how much benefit theyll actually 20 she concludes4选？ A.in the case of B.in contact wit C.in c
