初一下英语知识梳理

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1、知识梳理知识梳理初一第二学期初一第二学期一、语法一、语法1.1.动词时态动词时态 2.2.祈使句祈使句动词时态动词时态名称名称 特征词特征词 肯定句的动词肯定句的动词一般现在一般现在sometimes, usually, often always, every., 原形原形 第三人称单数第三人称单数现在进行现在进行look, listen, now, Its .(几点了几点了) . 后的句子后的句子Dont do sth. 后的句子后的句子 be + doing一般过去一般过去yesterday., just now, .ago, this morning, When I was young,

2、 过去式过去式动词否定句一般疑问句原形在主语后dont句前Do ？ 第三人 称单数在主语后doesnt动词原形句前 Does 动词原形？过去式在主语后didnt动词原形句前Did动词原形？否定句一般疑问句只在其后not (some-any)将其放到句首.？句中没有be、can, may , must, would 的变法句中有be、can, may , must, would 的变法否定句、一般疑问句的结构否定句、一般疑问句的结构回答回答:Can you .? Yes, I can. No, I cant.Is he.? Yes, he is. No, he isnt.Do you .? Ye

3、s, I do. No, I dont. Does.she ? Yes she does. No, she doesnt.Did they.? Yes, they did. No, they didnt.Would you.? Yes, I would. No. I wouldnt.Were they.? Yes, they were. No, they werent.Should you.? Yes, I should. No, I shouldnt.二、祈使句二、祈使句无人称、动词开头，无人称、动词开头，带命令色彩的句子。带命令色彩的句子。 肯肯定定式式 否否定定式式Open the wi

4、ndow, please.Look at here.Please read after me.Dont open the window.Dont look at here.Dont read after me.二、话题二、话题1.1.天气及季节天气及季节2.2.2.2.人的相貌及性人的相貌及性格格3.3.健康健康 4.4.假期假期三、三、句句子子简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句选择问句选择问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句感叹句感叹句一般疑问句一般疑问句否定句否定句祈使句祈使句简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句选择问句选择问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句感叹句感叹句This is an orange bi

5、ke. He knows me and I know him. When I was 5, I could swim. Did you live here or there? What did they learn just now? What a heavy rain it is! Does Tom speak French? I dont understand it. Stand （Dont） up.一般疑问句一般疑问句否定句否定句祈使句祈使句四、句型四、句型 (及交际用语及交际用语)1.某人用多长时间做某事某人用多长时间做某事：2. It takes/took sb. + time +

6、to do sth.2. 提问时间提问时间： Whats the time? What time is it? What time is it by your watch?3.提问日期提问日期： Whats the date today? What was the date yesterday?4. 提问星期几提问星期几： What day is it today? What day was yesterday?5.提问某人的生日提问某人的生日： When is ones birthday?6. 提问天气提问天气： What is the weather like today? (How is

7、 the weather today?) What was the weather yesterday? (How was the weather yesterday?7.提问温度提问温度： Whats todays temperature? How about the temperature?8. 提问人的相貌提问人的相貌： What does.look like?9. 提问人的性格提问人的性格： What is . like?10.询问对方情况询问对方情况： Whats wrong with.sb.? Whats the matter with .sb.?11. 到该做什么事的时候了到该做

8、什么事的时候了。 Its time to do sth. Its time for sth.12. 提建议用语提建议用语： Why not do sth.? Why dont you do sth.? What about sth. / doing sth.? Its best to do sth. Youd better do sth.13.谈论健康问题谈论健康问题： 1) 用英文叙述自己的病症用英文叙述自己的病症 have a fever have a cold have a pain here have a headache have a sore through have a stom

9、achache. 2) 就此病症提出合理建议就此病症提出合理建议 Take / Have some / these medicine three times a day. Drink more water and stay in bed for a few days. Its nothing serious. Youll be / get / become OK / well soon/ in one or two days. Dont be so tired.五、词类五、词类1. 动词动词6. 形容词、副词形容词、副词2. 系动词系动词7.数词数词3. 代词代词8. 频率副词频率副词4.不定

10、代词不定代词9. 介词介词5. 连词连词10. 疑问词疑问词1.动词动词(谓语谓语)He watches TV every day.He is watching TV now.He watched TV a moment ago. 动词动词(非谓语非谓语)He enjoys watching TV. Jim makes me laugh.I wanted to see it again.2.系动词系动词 (+形容词的动词形容词的动词)lookturnsoundbecometastebefeelsmellget1) Jims idea sounds nice.2) Kate looks tall

11、er.3) I feel nervous now.4) Beijing becomes bigger.5) The days get long.6) The cake tastes delicious.3.代词代词人人称称代代词词主格主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格宾格 me youhimheritusyoutheir物物主主代代词词形容形容词性词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词名词性性mine yours his hersits ours yours theirs4.不定代词不定代词1. other, others, the other, the

12、others, another, One., the other., any other2. one, ones, ones 3. somethingsomebody / someone anythinganybody / anyone everythingeverybody / everyone nothingnobody / no one5. 连词连词1. and 7. when2. but 8. before3. or 9. after4. so 10. as5. though 11. if6. because用用and, when, because, but, or, so, thou

13、gh before, after, if, 填空填空1. Jim often helps me with my English _ I often help him with his Chinese.2. _ the question is very difficult, few of us can answer it.3. Mr. Black is over 70 years old, _ he still works 8 hours a day.Becauseandbut4. Everyone must be here _ 6:00 tomorrow.5. _it is raining h

14、eavily, the farmers are still working in the field.6. I can help you _ I have time.用用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空填空Thoughbeforeif7. _ getting up, I always listen to the radio for a while.8. We must be quick, _ we cant follow them.9. To catch the early bus, _ I got up

15、 very early this morning.用用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空填空soorAfter10. _ the teacher came in, I was thinking about the game.11. _ you know him, why not go and meet Jim instead of me, Kate?用用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空填空IfWhen6.形容词、副词形

16、容词、副词形容词形容词与副词与副词的转换的转换在词尾处在词尾处+ lyy结尾时结尾时,去去y + ily有的有的e结尾的单词结尾的单词,需去需去y + ly，有的则直接，有的则直接+ly。1.quickquickly 2. easy-easily2.3.terrible-terribly 4. true-truly3.5.brave-bravely 6. careful-carefully形容词、副词的使用形容词、副词的使用形形容容词词副副词词修饰修饰名词名词修饰修饰动词、形容词动词、形容词They are clever boys.I prefer long hair.It really so

17、unds nice.They work very hard.7. 数词数词数数词词基数词变序数词基数词变序数词百百,千千,万万,的表达的表达几分之几几分之几用来表达时、分用来表达时、分用来表达年、月、日用来表达年、月、日8. 频率副词频率副词 用用How often 对它们进行提问。对它们进行提问。 他们体现了动词出现的频率程度。他们体现了动词出现的频率程度。 I always have milk for breakfast.I usually have eggs for breakfast.I often have noodles for it. I sometimes have fruit

18、s for it. I seldom have rice for it. I never have meat in the morning.9. 与与时时间间相相关关的的介介词词for 时间段前时间段前in 某年、某月前某年、某月前on 具体日子、节日、具体日子、节日、 生日、星期几前生日、星期几前at 某分，某时前某分，某时前当当“早上、下午、晚早上、下午、晚上上”被修饰被修饰时不用时不用 in 而用而用on. 表示表示方位的方位的介词：介词： 某物处在某处的某物处在某处的东南西北东南西北。northsouthwestnortheastsoutheastnorthwestsouthweste

19、astThe Positionin, to, on 的区别的区别on 某处在某某处在某处之处之内内某处与某某处与某处处相接壤相接壤某处某处在某在某处之处之外外 in to with 的多的多种用种用法法do sth. with sb./ sth.a girl with long haira room with two doorsa city with large populationbe busy with sth.be popular with.be with a style of.talk with sb. help sb. with sth.an action movie with Ja

20、ckie ChanWhats wrong / the matter with.?10. 疑问词疑问词提问提问几点几点钟钟What time is it?Whats the time?价格价格 how much地点地点where数量数量 how many.how much.程度、程度、方式方式how动词、动词、宾语宾语what.do. what主语主语who, whom.性格性格 Whats.like?时间时间when长相长相 What does/ do.look like?频率频率how often天气天气 Whats .like?Hows.?六、常用短语六、常用短语1.wake up 8.

21、fall off2. wake.sb. up 9. come out3. tell. about 10. get along with.4. talk to / with sb. 11. turn on / off5. invite .to. 12. put on6. play with 13. take off7. think about. 14. be always doing. think out 15. add. to think of. 16. know about17. learn about26. in many ways18. start with27. in fact19.

22、give of28. in summer20. be called / named 29. in the sun21. stop off30. in ones thirties22. on the telephone31. in space23. on the Internet32. in 199024. on weekend33. in the 1990s25. on the earth34. in the night on the moon35. at night36. at this time of year 46. on the top37. at the same time 47.

23、a road to.38. at the moment 48. to sb.39. at the end of. 49. be different 40. from.to. from.41. for a while 50. be difference42. for a drink between43. for days 51. go to sw. for a44. on the other side of. holiday45. on ones way to. 52. as usual53. be interested in. 63. in class54. be always doing.

24、64. first of all55. by bike 65. in the past56. on Kates bike 66. last year57. a photo of. 67. from the 1960s58. a photographer for 68. apart from.59. not.at all 69. thousands of.60. get into trouble hundreds of.61. listen to music 70. for example62. go to concerts 71. the trip to.72. too much noise

25、82. all night73. much too expensive 83. a lot of fun74. save up 84. plan to do75. go on vacation 85. decide to do76. take photos 86. want to do 77. stay at a hotel 87. a big meal78. on the same team 88. keep out79. need .for. 89. one third80. do sth. on ones own 90. the time of.81. make one stop 91.

26、 a form of.93. drive to sw. 103. the same as94. the capital of. 104. all the time95. be full of. 105. all kinds of96. more than 106. 3 times a day97. the shape of. 107. take the 98. 10 thousand medicine99. a northern city of.100. get a view of .101. the population of Beijing102. a population of 13 m

27、illion七、易混淆的词、词组七、易混淆的词、词组What is .like?What does.look like?1.2.3.4.what to dohow to do itin the cornerat the cornerwake upwake sb. up5.get dresseddress sb.6.7.there behave / hasjointake part in.9.10.11.in the east of.to the east of.triptravelother, othersthe other, the othersOne., the other., anoth

28、erany other schoolsany other school8.a population of.the population of.12.13.14.15.stop to do sth.stop doing sth.besidesexcepta little, little, a bit, a bit of.a few, fewget to.arrive in / at.reach16.too muchmuch too17.by car, in Jims carby bike, on Jims bike18.19.excited, interested, amazedexciting

29、, interesting, amazingIts time to . .Its time for. .21. noise, voice, sound22. hear, listen, listen to23. say, tell, talk, speak24 wear, put on, dress, get dressed25. read, watch, see, look, look at20.likeas八、易八、易错错的词的词+doing还有还有介词介词busyfinish enjoy spend keep prefer practicemakelet+do+doingplantord

30、erdecidewantask +to do1.Without thinking more, he left here.2.I cant finish writing it in only a few minutes.3.Everyone is busy getting ready for the final exams.4.Mother always spends much time doing such foolish things.5.Jim was good at dancing when he was young.6.Lets practice speaking English, O

31、K?九、不易用对的词九、不易用对的词 enough (名词名词前前) enough water enough books enough time enough people enough (形容词、副词形容词、副词后后) tall enough strong enough good enough big enough十、形容词十、形容词与与不定代词不定代词的位置的位置something easy, hard, important.anything useful, interesting, funny.nothing difficult, cheap, amazing, exciting. 一点点建议：一点点建议：心心要要明明、路路要要准准、题题要要精精、量量要要均均。出错、出错、记错记错、要、要知错知错，检查、落实、再落实检查、落实、再落实。分数分数虽诱人，虽诱人，技巧技巧不能少。不能少。拼搏拼搏呈可贵，呈可贵，健康健康价更高。价更高。