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1、网络教育环境下网络教育环境下外语教学的外语教学的生态课堂优化生态课堂优化摘摘要要生生态态危危机机是是现现代代人人类类面面临临的的“全全球球性性问问题题”之之一一。在在全全球球生生态态化化的的影影响响下下, ,研研究究者者们们运运用用生生态态哲哲学学的的基基本本原原理理对对教教育育系系统统内内部部的的各各子子系系统统进进行行研研究究的的过过程程中中提提出出了了教教学学生生态态观观。生生态态教教育育理理念念认认为为人人是是信信息息生生态态系系统统中中的的“中中坚坚种种群群”，其其核核心心价价值值是是促促进进人人在在信信息息生生态态中中的的全全面面发发展展。在在教教育育的的整整个个生生态态系系统统中
2、中，课课堂堂作作为为其其中中的的一一个个生生态态因因子子，是是实实施施素素质质教教育育的的主主渠渠道道. .教教学学过过程程就就是是学学生生、教教师师之之间间借借助助教教学学内内容容、教教学学手手段段等等进进行行平平等等对对话话的的过过程程。本本文文对对针针对对近近些些年年教教育育技技术术在在教教育育领领域域的的不不断断应应用用，基基于于教教学学过过程程中中的的两两个个生生态态平平衡衡：民民主主的的教教态态和和自自主主的的学学态态，分分析析网网络络教教育育环环境境下下，外外语语教教学学课课堂堂生生态态优优化化实实施施的的方方法法和和途途径。径。 关关键键词词：网网络络教教育育，外外语语教教学学
3、，课课堂堂教教学学生生态态，优化优化OptimizationofEcologicalClassinForeignLanguageTeachingAbstract:Ecologicalcrisisisoneoftheglobalproblemsthathumanhave to face. Influenced by the global ecological trend, reseachersproposedtheviewsofteachingecologyintheprocessofstudyingthesubsystems of the educational system based on
4、 the principles ofecological philosophy. Ideas of Ecological Education assume thathumanisthecentralgroup,anditscorevaluesistopromotehumansall- round development in the information ecology. In the wholeecologicalsystemofeducation,classteachingisamongtheecologicalfactors, and is considered as the main
5、 way of quality education.Teaching is a process of equal dialogue between teachers andstudentsinthehelpofteachingcontens,teachingmeansandetc.Thispaper,consideringtheincreasingapplicationofeducationaltechnologyinrecentyears,analyzeshowtooptimizetheclassteachingecologyintheforeignlanguageteachinginthe
6、basisoftwoecologicalbalanceofteaching process: teachers democratic manner and studentsautonomicmannerinlearning.Asaresult,thefinalgoaloftrainingthetalentswithhighqualitiesandall-rounddevelopmentiscompletedwiththeteaching.Keywords:onlineeducation,foreignlanguageteaching,classteachingecology,optimizat
7、ionOptimizationofEcologicalClassinForeignLanguageTeachingIntroductionThenecessityofoptimizingtheecologicalclassWaysofoptimizingtheecologicalclassSummaryOptimizationofEcologicalClassinForeignLanguageTeachingIn the 21th century, the coming of theglobalInterneterabroughtaneweducationmodeltothereformont
8、eachingand education - Online Education. It isnot only the important part of moderndistance education, but will be the maineducation model of this century in higheducation. Online teaching brought theconvenience to class teaching, and evenmore,becameachallengetothetraditionalclassteaching.1.Introduc
9、tionThe best way of achieving the goodteachingeffectisthecomplementandco-existenceoftwoclassteachings.Class,asamongtheecologicalfactors,isthemainchannel of quality education and ofkeepingtheecologicalbalanceofteaching.Inthemicro-ecosystemofclassteaching,howtodeveloptheharmoniousrelationship between
10、them becomes thefocusoneducationreform.1.IntroductionTeachers manner and students attitudeinlearningbenefitfortheestablishmentofgood ecological balance at class. Theconstruction of two important ecologicalbalances: teachers democratic mannerand students automatic manner in theteaching process, contr
11、ibute to the twoconcerning ecological factors: teacherandstudent.Introduction2.Thenecessityofoptimizingtheecologicalclass2.1Stateanalysis2.2TheecologicalclassteachingIntherecentyearstheinternationizedfeatureinthe high education has become clearer andclearer, however, College English Teaching inChina
12、cannotmeettheinternationaldevelopment. Though many universities havemade some reforms and attempts in teachingsystem, model and method and etc, it is notnearly enough to change radically the state ofCollegeEnglishTeachinginthehigheducation.2.1StateanalysisTheexpansionofundergraduateledto the teachin
13、g way of large classwhichtookbadeffectonorganizingtheinteractivitiesbetweentheecological factors: teachers andstudents, or students and studentsat class. Most Class are still theOne-wayPresentationofteacher-centered method, the InteractiveCommunication is hard to berealized.2.1StateanalysisTeachinga
14、imsattheexamination:This examination-oriented education systembreaks the laws of language learning, andstudentsarelackofopportunitiesinpractisingandusinglanguage,andlackofinteractivitiesbetween teachers and students. All thesedisadvantages contribute to the lose ofbalance in the teaching ecosystem,
15、naturallystudents are easytolosetheir activitiesandlearninginterests.2.1StateanalysisEnglishlearningisnotonlytostudyalanguageitself. Language is the carrier of culture. Theshort45minute-classhasnowaytocarryalltheserichculturalimplicationstolearners.Thepresent single English teaching model cannotmeet
16、 the demands and laws of languagelearning.Onlineclasss,asanassistedteachingwayofthetraditionalclass,canprovidetherichresourcesoflanguageandculture,andcanalsobring more visual resources to help learnersunderstandandfeelthenativeaccent、nativeexpression.2.1StateanalysisAsprofessorGuYueguoproposedthaton
17、lineeducation can provide the best educationalecosystem for learners. Internet provides abetter joint for the integration between classteaching and information technology.Thecombinationoftwoclassteachingscanmotivate teachers and students, the twoecological factors to optimize the teachingprocessandl
18、earningeffects.2.1StateanalysisAmerican educator Waller. firstly proposed thetheoryof“ecologyofclassroom”inhisSociology of Education.Fromtheperspectivesofeducationalecology,ecologicalclassmeansthatin class teaching the environment should beharmoniousandbenefitforstudentssustainabledevelopment.Inthem
19、icro-ecological systemofclass,thefinalaimistodirecteducateesbodyand mind to suit the natural and socialdevelopment,andpromotesocialprogressandecologicalbalance.2.2TheecologicalclassteachingThe central values of ecolgoical system ofeducation inonline environment istopromotetheachersandstudentsall-rou
20、nddevelopmentintheinformationecology,andplaceemphasison the harmonious interreaction between man,technologyandteachingpractice.Onlineteaching makes up for tha lack of traditionalclass,theco-exisistenceandcomplementofthevirtual and real classes built up an effectivelyecological environment for studen
21、ts automaticlearning.2.2theecologicalclassteachingThetwocentralgroupsteachersandstudents constitute two importantbalancesoftechingprocess:teachers democratic manner andstudentsautomaticmannerinindependentlearning,whichnatruallybecome the keys in the dynamicecosystem between teaching andlearning.2.2t
22、heecologicalclassteachingIntheeducationalecosystem,teachingisa key link and a dynamic processreferringtotheharmoniousdevelopmentoftheecologicalfactorsduringtheclassteaching.Thepracticesindicatedthattheoptimization of the ecological classteaching can be realized only throughkeeping the balance of two
23、 kinds ofmanners in the process of teaching:teachersdemocraticmannerandstudentsautomaticmannerinlearning.3.ThewaysofoptimizingtheecologicalclassteachingThewaysofoptimizingtheecologicalclassteaching3.1teachersdemocraticmanner3.1.1.Respect3.1.2.Expectation3.1.3Appreciation3.1.4.Encouragement3.1.5Empow
24、erment3.2studentsautomaticmannerinindependentlearning3.3establishingtheinternetsuitabletolearnersindependentlearningTeachers manner as a key factorduringtheteachingprocessplaysanimportant hand in students moraldevelopment.Theexpressionofgoodmanner asateacher hassomethingwithhisorhermoralandintellect
25、ualcharacter, and his or her wholequality.3.1teachersdemocraticmannerInonlineenvironment,classistransformedfrom the teacher-oriented to the student-oriented teaching, Teacher is not only ateacher, but more a facilitator, organizer,supervisor, trainer or friend. As a teacher,howtodocanformthedemocrat
26、icmanner?Firstly,teachershouldhavethedemocraticconceptinteachingprocess.Secondly,possessingmoreequallyeducational behavior is very necessary toteachers,especiallytothedisadvantageousgroup.Thirdlyteacherwithagoodmannershouldbeofseveralconsciounesses:Incontemporarysocietyandclassroom,respectgoesbothwa
27、ys.It is not a given, and needs to beearned.New-typerelationshipbetween teacher and student inonline environment should developthemutualrespect.3.1.1.RespectAllofstudentsdosomethinginthehopeoftheirsuccess,evenmoretheydevotetheir“expectation”toinnerconfidenceinlearninganddailylife.Thereforeteacherssh
28、ould believe that every one would besuccessful, and convey this belief tostudentsthroughteacherseyes,smiles,intonation and etc, make them feelteacherssupportandfacilitation.3.1.2.ExpectationTeachersshoulduseappreciationeducation, find students “SparkingPoint”andappreciatetheirvalues,helpthem to cult
29、ivate the Self-confidence.Teacherswithgoodmannersareoftengoodatfindingtheirstrongpoint,commend and moderately encouragethem,andletthemfeelthehappinessofsuccess.3.1.3AppreciationTeachers are natural advise-givers andproblem-solvers. Teachers should showtheirencouragementthroughthebehaviors.Whatteache
30、rswanttodoistobecome a guide or encourager whoassists the student in exploring anddiscovering various solutions to his ownproblem.Theachievementofencouragementeducationalsodependonteacherswords,smilesandeyesorotherbodylanguagesandsoon.3.1.4.EncouragementThe power over ones life is a keycomponenttose
31、lf-esteem.Empowerment for students, is thebetterwayofexperiencingtheabilitytomakeadifferenceinherlifeandinthelifeofthosearoundher.Andtheirsuccesses can also set up a goodmodel for others to motivate theiractivityinteaching.3.1.5EmpowermentIndependent learning involves pupils takingtheinitiativeinrec
32、ognisinglearningrequirements and undertaking activities tomeet them.Online class provides students withafavorableenvironmenttoenablethemto become more successfully independentlearners. More importantly, mans subjectiveinitiative plays a dominated role in languagelearning. Learners self-independent l
33、earningisakeyfactorinthesuccessionoflanguagelearning.3.2studentsautomaticmannerinindependentlearningOnlyestablishingthelearningpurpose,learnerscansetthelearning goals based on their ownlevel, and choose the learningcontentsdemandinginthecompletion of their learning goals,finallyrealizetheirlearningp
34、urposes.3.2studentsautomaticmannerinindependentlearningTothestudents,whatistherightmannerintheindependentlearning?Thekeypointisthateverystudent should set the clearly defined goals inlearning to motivate their inner enthusiasm andinterest.Then,studentsshouldcultivatethehabitofindependentlearning,tra
35、inthegoodabilityoflearning and emotion, attitude and values. It isverynecessaryfortheauthoritiesorteacherstoofferthemexplicitinstructions,keepthemundersupervisation,givethemproperformativeevaluation.3.2studentsautomaticmannerinindependentlearningTheNetwork-basedinstructioncanhelplearnersstrengthenth
36、eirlinguisticskillsby positively affecting their learningattitudeandbyhelpingthembuildself-instructionstrategiesandpromotetheirself-confidence.Theinternetsuitabletolearners independent learning is thebestwayofachievingsucharesult.3.3establishingtheinternetsuitabletolearnersindependentlearningFirst i
37、s to fully use the internet.Onlineclassoffersthestudentstherich resources and wide space,learnercanfreelychoosethecontentandexerciseswtihdifferentlevelstostrenthen the understanding of thestudied knowledge, and do theextensivereadingaboutthebackgroundinformationoflanguage.3.3establishingtheinternets
38、uitabletolearnersindependentlearningSecond, building a good system ofsupervisationTheoretically,theindependentlearninginonlineenvironment,learnercangetrichreferencematerialsandresources.Therefore, students easily attain thelearning purpose only through choosingthesuitablecontent,reasonableteachingme
39、thods. But in reality, there are somestudentslackingtheabilityofcontrollingthemselves, of self-management and offirmperseveranceinlearning.3.3establishingtheinternetsuitabletolearnersindependentlearningTherefore,thebenefitablefeedbackshould be built up in the net system tosupervizeandcontrolthelearn
40、ingprocesssand comment the teaching result, and tohelp students form the high effective andindividual learning way. On the one hand,student can check his or her own recordthroughthenet,andonotherhand,teacherscan also make the update score based ontherecordofexercisesandthecompletionofself-test on In
41、ternet, finally set the totalscore.3.3establishingtheinternetsuitabletolearnersindependentlearningThe intergrated pattern of online andtraditional foreign language teachings willbringoutamorefavorableenvironmentforthe learner, and set up the harmoniousrelationshipbetweenthetwocentralecological facto
42、rs teacher and student. Inthewholemicroecosystemofclasslearnerssubjective role and teachers leading rolearefullybroughtout,andthetwobalancesof the good teaching and learning mannerarekepttooptimizetheecologicalclass.Summary1.金建生等,构建生命发展生态课堂J.成都：教育科学论坛，2005.12.2.王东敏.关注课堂生态J.杭州：江苏教育研究，2004.9.3.王笃勤.大学英语自主学习能力的培养J.上海:外语界,2002(5):17-23.4.王牧华、靳玉乐：生态主义课程思潮引论J.沈阳：辽宁师范大学学报（社会科学版），2000.5.汪霞我们的课堂生态了吗?J.上海:全球教育展望（）6.文秋芳.英语学习的成功之路M.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2003.7.张豪锋，卜彩丽.略论学习生态系统J.北京：中国远程教育2007.4.8.BaileySteve,ExcerptsfromDemocraticClassroomWorkshop,Bibliography
