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1、TransactionAnalysisChapter22-1Revised 1/1/2011LearningObjective1AnalyzeTransactions2-2TransactionsAnyeventthatimpactsthefinancialpositionofabusinessCanbemeasuredreliablyTwosides:BusinessgivessomethingBusinessreceivessomethingAccountingrecordsbothsidesofatransaction2-3TheAccountRecordofallchangesinap
2、articularasset,liabilityorequityRemembertheaccountingequationAssets=Liabilities+OwnersEquity2-4CommonAssetAccountsCashAccountsReceivableNotesreceivable2-5CommonAssetAccountsInventoryPrepaidexpensesLand2-6CommonAssetAccountsBuildingsEquipmentFurnitureandFixtures2-7CommonLiabilityAccountsAccountspayab
3、leNotespayableAccruedliabilities2-8EquityAccountsCommonstockRetainedearningsRevenuesExpenses2-9TransactionAnalysisEverytransactionhasatleasttwopartsTheaccountingequationalwaysbalancesbeforeandaftereachtransactionAcommontransactionforanewbusinessistoissuestocktoitsownersHowwouldthisimpacttheaccountin
4、gequation?2-10ExampleTransaction(1)ThreefriendsdecidetostartasalonTheyinvest$50,000tobeginthebusinessThebusinessissuescommonstocktotheowners2-11ExampleTransaction(1),cont.2-12Assets =Liabilities + Stockholders EquityType of Equity TransactionCashCommonstock(1)+$50,000(1)+$50,000IssuedStockExampleTra
5、nsaction(2)Thesalonpurchaseschairsandmassagetablesfor$12,000cash2-13ExampleTransaction(2),cont.2-14Assets =Liabilities + Stockholders EquityCashSuppliesEquip.AcctspayableCommonstockRetainedearnings(1)+$50,000(1)+$50,000(2)-$12,000(2)+$12,000$38,000+ $12,000=$50,000ExampleTransactions(3)Thesalonpurch
6、aseshairstylingandothersuppliesonaccountfor$5,0002-152-16Assets =Liabilities + Stockholders EquityCashSuppliesEquip.AcctspayableCommonstockRetainedearnings(1)+$50,000(1)+$50,000(2)-$12,000(2)+$12,000(3)+$5,000(3)+$5,000$38,000$5,000 $12,000$5,000$50,000$55,000$55,000ExampleTransactions(3),cont.2-16E
7、xampleTransactions(4)Thesalonearns$6,000fromprovidingservicestocustomers.Thebusinesscollectedcash2-17ExampleTransaction(4),cont.2-18Assets =Liabilities + Stockholders EquityCashSuppliesEquip.AcctspayableCommonstockRetainedearnings(1)+$50,000(1)+$50,000(2)-$12,000(2)+$12,000(3)+$5,000(3)+$5,000(4)+$6
8、,000(4)+$6,000Revenue$44,000$5,000 $12,000$5,000$50,000$6,000$61,000$61,000ExampleTransaction(5)Thesalonpaidmonthlyrentof$4,0002-19ExampleTransaction(5),cont.2-20Assets =Liabilities + Stockholders EquityCashSuppliesEquip.AcctspayableCommonstockRetainedearnings(1)+$50,000(1)+$50,000(2)-$12,000(2)+$12
9、,000(3)+$5,000(3)+$5,000(4)+$6,000(4)+$6,000Revenue(5)-$4,000(5)-$4,000Expense$40,000$5,000 $12,000$5,000$50,000$2,000$57,000$57,000S2-2,p.992-21E2-16A,p.1022-22Set up your answer using a table like this.DateCash +AR +Med Supp +Land =AP +NP +CS + RE LearningObjective2UnderstandHowAccountingWorks2-23
10、Double-entryAccountingEachtransactionaffectsatleasttwoaccounts2-24TheT-account2-25Account TitleDebits on the left sideCredits on the right sideEvery transaction has both a debit and a creditDebitandCreditRulesDebitandcreditareneutraltermsMeaneitheradecreaseorincreasedependingonthetypeofaccount2-26De
11、bitsandCredits2-27ASSETSLIABILITIESSTOCKHOLDERS EQUITY= +Debit +Credit - Debit -Credit + Debit -Credit +StockholdersEquityDebit&CreditsCommonstockandRetainedEarningsareincreasedbycreditsDividendsreduceRetainedEarningsDividendsareincreasedbydebitsNetincomeincreasesRetainedEarningsNetIncome=Revenuesmi
12、nusExpensesRevenuesareincreasedbycreditsExpensesareincreasedbydebits2-28RulesofDebitandCredit2-29Stockholders EquityDebitAssetsLiabilitiesCreditCreditDebitCommon stockRetained earningsRevenueExpensesDividends-CreditCreditCreditCreditCreditDebitDebitDebitDebitDebit-DebitsandCreditsDebit to increaseAs
13、setsDividendsExpensesCredits to increaseLiabilitiesRevenueCommonstockRetainedearnings2-30PracticingDebitsandCreditsIncreasecashIncreaseaccountspayableDecreaseaccountsreceivableIncreaserevenue2-31PracticingDebitsandCreditsIncreaserentexpenseIncreasecommonstockDecreasenotespayableDecreasecash2-32S2-3,
14、p.992-33LearningObjective3RecordTransactionsintheJournal2-34TheLedger2-35LedgerCashAccounts payableCommon stockIndividual asset accountsIndividual liability accountsIndividual equity accountsCopyright 2010 Pearson Education Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 35TheJournalChronologicalrecordoftransacti
15、onsThreesteps1.Identifyaccountsimpactedbytransaction2.Applydebit/creditrulesfortheincreaseordecreaseintheaccountsYoushouldhaveatleastonedebitandonecredit3.Recordtransactionsinjournal2-36JournalentryWritetheaccountdebitedfirstandtheamountintheleftcolumnWrite(andindent)theaccountcreditednextandtheamou
16、ntintherightcolumnDebits must equal credits2-37FlowofAccountingData2-3838E2-18A,p.1032-39Journal entries look like this:JournalDATEACCOUNT TITLES AND EXPLANATIONDEBITCREDITPostingTransferringinformationfromthejournaltotheledgerThecollectionofaccountsandtheirbalances2-40Posting2-41JOURNALDateAccounts
17、DebitCredit6-Apr Cash$2,000 Servicerevenue$2,000CASHSERVICE REVENUE$2,000$2,000FlowofAccountingDataTransactionoccursTransactionanalyzedAccountsidentifiedDebit/CreditrulesappliedTransactionrecordedintheJournalAmountspostedtotheLedger2-42DeterminingAccountBalanceAftertransactionsareposted,theamountine
18、achledgeraccountiscomputedThedebitsideandcreditsidearetotaledThedifferencebetweenthetwosidesiscomputedIfthedebitsideislarger,theaccounthasadebitbalanceIfthecreditsideislarger,theaccounthasacreditbalance2-43DeterminingAccountBalance2-44Cash$10,000$15,000$8,000$12,000$7,000The debits total to $33,000T
19、he credits total to $19,000$14,000Cash has a debit balance of $14,000($33,000 - $19,000)E2-20A,p.1032-45LearningObjective4UseaTrialBalance2-46TrialBalanceListsallaccountswiththeirbalanceDebitamountsintheleftcolumnCreditamountsintherightcolumnBeginswithassets,thenliabilitiesandstockholdersequityTheco
20、lumnsaretotaledandshouldequaleachotherShowsifdebitsequalcredits2-47CorrectingAccountingErrors2-48TraceeachaccountfromjournaltoledgerReversingdebitsandcreditsdoublestheerrorMissingaccountIfeven,errormaybeaSlideorTranspositionDivideout-of-balanceamountby2Divideout-of-balanceamountby9ChartofAccountsEac
21、haccountisassignedanumberAssetsusuallybeginwith1100sor1000sLiabilitiesusuallybeginwith2200sand200sStockholdersEquity(CommonStock,DividendsandRetainedEarnings)beginwith3Revenueswith4andExpenseswith52-49ChartofAccounts2-50Balance Sheet AccountsAssetsLiabilitiesStockholders Equity101Cash201Accts. payab
22、le301Common stock111Accts. receivable231Notes payable311Dividends141Office supplies312Retained earnings151Office furnitureIncome Statement Accounts191LandRevenuesExpenses401Service revenue501Rent expense502Salary expense503Utilities expenseNormalBalanceWhatincreasestheaccount(debitorcredit)isthenorm
23、albalanceAssetsareincreasedbydebits,soassetshaveanormaldebitbalanceIfthebalanceisnot“normal”,itindicatesanegativeamountIfcashhasacreditbalance,itmeansthecompanyhasoverdrawnitsbankaccount2-51NormalBalancesDEBITSAssetsDividendsExpensesCREDITSLiabilitiesRetainedEarningsCommonStockRevenues2-52E2-21A,p.1
24、032-53LearningObjective5AnalyzeTransactionsusingonlyT-Accounts2-54T-AccountsAquickinformalanalysisHelpsusersoffinancialinformationmakedecisions2-55AnalyzingAccounts2-56CashBeginning balanceEnding balanceCash receipts?Cash paymentsAnalyzingAccounts2-57Accounts receivableBeginning balanceEnding balanceSales on account?Collections on accountAnalyzingAccounts2-58Accounts payable Beginning balanceEnding balancePayments on account?Purchases on accountE2-37,p.1082-59S2-13,p.1012-60EndofChapterTwo2-61
