《语义场策略在词汇教学中的运用语义场策略在词汇教学中的运用 ---以以 UNIT1BOOK3词汇教学为例词汇教学为例》》 1、语义场的含义、语义场的含义 语义场理论( The Theory of Semantic fields)由德国学者特雷尔(J.Trier) 20世纪30年代提出 所谓语义场，指的是一个核心概念与其相关的具有共同语义特征的若干个词，集合在一起，组成一个语义场,又叫词汇场,是一个系统，它把相互关联的词汇和短语组织起来，显示其间的相互关系，意义相关的W1、W2、W3……，构成一个集合，称为词汇场，词汇场F1、F2、F3 ……的集合构成某一语言的词汇总和V (vocabulary) 例如：在color这个核心概念下,yellow , purple , orange , pink 等词共同构成一个语义场 在fruit这个核心概念下，apple orange pear lemon strawberry grape coconut olive mango等词共同构成一个语义场 2.语义场的分类中国学者贾彦德参照C.Leech在其《语义学》一中的描述，划分了七种类型。
1)分类义场 2)顺序义场 3)关系义场 4)反义义场 5)两极义场 6)部分否定义场 7)同义义场 •分类义场分类义场这一分类包括了同类事物（现象，性质，运动，行为….）的各种对象•二元分类：如水田，旱田；自转，公转等；•多元分类：如赤、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫；等•分类语义场可以是多层次的，大类之下可划分出小类，小类之下又可分出更小的分支，动物可以分成禽兽和人，而禽兽下面又划分出鸟、鱼、昆虫，哺乳动物；哺乳动物下又分出猪，狗、马牛，狼….等等，而狗的下面又划分成各种狗 animaldogsheepwolftigereweramlamb •顺序义场如January, February ,March...•Sunday，Monday, Tuesday,…举凡数目，时序关系，军衔，学位，考核名次等词语都属于这类语义场 •关系义场关系义场的义位反映人与人，人与事物及事物及事物之间的关系•如二元的： teacher-student； exit，entrance；• 多元的：敌军-友军-我军；哥哥-姐姐-弟弟-妹妹 •反义义场这通常包括意义刚好相反的词语如war-peace；construction-destruction •两极义场。
同反义义场相同，两极义场都是二元的，意义上彼此相反但两个义位之间有过渡地带如“大”与“小”，rich与poor 形成两极，但“不大不小”及neither rich nor poor（不富也不穷）也有意义 •部分否定义场所谓部分否定义场是不完全相反的否定，如inevitability（必然性）与possibility（可能性）,全体与部分两组词中二者在意义上不完全相反，多元部分否定的例子如hot, warm, cool, cold，进攻-防御-退却等等 •同义义场: 两个概念意义（conceptual meaning）相同，但附加意义(内涵意义，风格意义，感性意义，联想意义，搭配意义及主题意义）不同的义位构成的义场如《同义词词林》一书中关于“死”就有一百多种表达式英语Roget’s International The saurass一书中表示死的同义场中也有百多种同义表达式再如英语中模仿各种走兽，飞禽、昆虫、爬虫的鸣叫声的拟声词也多得不可胜数，所以Franl.c.Flower说我们生活在不同动物鸣叫声的“世界”里，语义学家A.Lehrer恰好说过一种语言的全部象声词也形成一个语义场 语义场理论在词汇教学学习中运用的语义场理论在词汇教学学习中运用的主要策略主要策略1.大脑风暴大脑风暴2.建立语义网络建立语义网络3.建立概念图建立概念图 大脑风暴大脑风暴 建立语义网络 建立概念图建立概念图 UNIT1BOOK3词汇教学词汇教学 单单词词表表 重点词汇和短语（11+13）• religious • belief• trick • gain • gather • award • admire • permission• apologize• obvious• remind• take place• in memory of • dress up • play a trick on • look forward to • day and night • as though • have fun with • turn up • keep one’s word• hold one’s breath• set off • remind …of 课标词汇（29）• beauty • harvest • celebration • starve• origin• ancestor• feast • bone • poet • arrival • independence• independent• agriculture• agricultural • Mexico•rooster•energetic• clothing• Christian• custom• worldwide• fool• parking• parking lot• drown • sadness• wipe• weep (wept, wept)• forgive（forgave forgiven) 带 的词汇（16+11）• seasonal • grave• incense• skull• produce• lunar• cherry • blossom• rosebud• necessity• prediction• fashion• weave (wove woven）• herd• magpie • announcer•Obon n.（日本）盂兰盆节•Halloween n. 万圣节•Columbus n. 哥伦布日•Carnival n. 狂欢节•Valentine’s Day n.情人节•The Milky Way 银河•Christopher Columbus 哥伦布•Jesus 耶稣•Carla 卡拉•Hari 哈利•Trinidad 特立尼达岛 UNIT1BOOK3词汇教学过程词汇教学过程1.以“festival”为核心激活原有词汇2.以 “festival”为核心建立概念图3.以 “Valentine’s Day” 为主题展开联想4.词汇产出运用 buy necessities for the festivalfestivalTV galaset off firecrackersclothing — dress upfeastlucky moneyholidayplay computer games day and nightgiftscelebrationgather/get together FestivalThe Spring FestivalTomb--Sweeping Daythe Dragon--Boat FestivalThe Mid-Autumn Festivalthe Chinese Lunar New Yearseasonal festivalcelebrate the arrival of springrain heavilygrave / tombin memory of ancestorsincensefire disasterget togetheragricultural produceharvestmooncakemoonlightQuyuan/ poetboat-racingzongzi cross talkFestivalthe Spring FestivalTV galadancingpop music---Jay Choumagic—Liu Qian--play trickscomedy---Xiao Shenyanacrobatics FestivalChristmas DayValentine’s DayFool’s DayHalloweenTreat or Trickdress up as witches and ghostsfoolPlay tricksparadeturkeywineSanta clausreligious originChristianJesusChristmas treehappy/sadbeautydress updatecandyloverrose/rosebud FestivalChinese festivalsForeign festivalsthe spring festivalTomb-Sweeping Dayplay games day and nightpoetfeast/starvethe arrival of springget togetheragricultural producecelebrateharvestloverthe Dragon Boot FestivalThe Mid-Autumn Festivalthe chinese lumar new yearseasonal festivalbuy necessities for itclothingset off firecrackersget together/gatherin memory ofQuyuanancestorsgraveincensein memory ofrose/rosebudwitchdress upghosttreat or trickreligious originJesusbeautyhappysadfoolplay trick’s onparadedress upChristianSanta clausfeastwineturkeyValentine’s DayFool’s DAYHalloweenChristmas Day Valentine’s DayA worldwide holidayDouble Seventh Day celebrationthe herd boythe weaving girl(weave wove woven)the Goddess of Heaventhe Milky waymagpiea story of sadnessexchange giftshave candle dinnerrose/ card/chocolate/candylove ring/watch/tie/love bandcoffee shop/turn up/rosebudhold his breath/keep her worddrown his sadness in wine/apologize/smile/hug 输出练习输出练习:•1.Read the passage “Being With Your Mother 未能如愿的约会” (摘自《海外英语》）• 2. Suppose you were the author , the wife and the mother , retell the story in your own words, using as many new words and phrases as possible in this unit . BEING WITH YOUR MOTHER 未能如愿的约会未能如愿的约会• After 21 years of marriage, my wife wanted me to take another woman out to dinner and a movie this Valentine’s Day. She said, “I love you, but I know this other woman loves you and would Love to spend some time with you.” The other woman that my wife wanted me to visit was my Mother, who has been a widow (寡妇）寡妇）for 19 years, but the demands of my work and my three children had made it possible to visit her only occasionally. That night I called to invite her to go out for dinner and a movie. "What's wrong, are you well?" she asked. My mother is the type of woman who suspects that a late night call or a surprise invitation is a sign of bad news. • "I thought that it would be pleasant to spend some time with you," I responded. "Just the two of us." She thought about it for a moment and then said, "I would like that very much.“ She waited in the door with her coat on. She had curled her hair and was wearing the dress that she had worn to celebrate her last wedding anniversary. She smiled from a face that was as radiant as an angel's. "I told my friends that I was going to go out with my son and they were impressed," she said, as she got into the car. "They can't wait to hear about our meeting." We went to a restaurant that, although not elegant, was very nice and cozy. My mother took my arm as if she were the First Lady. • After we sat down, I had to read the menu. Her eyes could only read large print. Half-way through the entrees, I lifted my eyes and saw Mother sitting there staring at me. A nostalgic smile was on her lips. "It was I who used to have to read the menu when you were small," she said. "Then it's time that you relax and let me return the favor," I responded. During the dinner , we had an agreeable conversation nothing extraordinary but catching up on recent events of each other's life. We talked so much that we missed the movie. As we arrived at her house later, she said, "I'll go out with you again, but only if you let me invite you."I agreed. • “How was your dinner date?” asked my wife when I got home. “Very nice, much more so than I could have imagined,” I answered. A few days later, my mother died of a massive heart attack. It happened so suddenly that I didn‘t have a chance to do anything for her. Sometime later, I received an envelope with a copy of a restaurant receipt （发票）（发票）from the same place Mother and I had dined. An attached note said:"I paid this bill in advance. I wasn't sure that I could be there; but, nevertheless, I paid for two plates - one for you and the other for your wife. You will never know what that night meant for me. I love you, son." •At that moment, I understood the importance of saying in time: 'I love YOU' and to give our loved ones the time that they deserve.Nothing in life is more important than your family. Give them the time they deserve, because these things cannot be put off till some "other" time. FROM THE WIFE• I have been married for 21 years and I love my husband , Hari very much. But this Valentine’s Day, I gave him the permission to date another woman, who was actually his mother, for I knew she also loved him and would love to spend some time with him. That Friday after work, my husband went out with his mother and I couldn’t wait to know more about this meeting. It seemed they had great fun with each other and even made another date. But Mother died several days later. When we were drowning ourselves in the sadness, a letter from Mother came, telling us what that night meant to her. I was so glad. We can gain great award if spend a little time with our family. FROM THE AUTHOR• This Valentine’s Day , my wife, Carla asked me to take my mother out to dinner and a movie. That night I did give Mother a call and she accepted it, though a little surprised. That Friday after work, I set off to pick my mother up, who obviously had dressed up. We went to a nice and cozy restaurant. My mother took my arm as though she were the First Lady. The date was so good that Mother even suggested a second one. But she didn’t keep her word. Several days later, what I really did was weeping for her passing away. Some time later, I received a letter from her, telling me how much that night meant to her. I was so grateful for what I have done. FROM THE MOTHER• On the night of Valentine’s Day , my son ,Hari called to invite me to go out. Though surprised, I agreed anyway. I even told my friends about it and they were all looking forward to hearing about it. That Friday, I curled my hair and wore my best clothing. My son turned up on time and we went to a nice and cozy restaurant. Because of my poor eyesight, my son had to read the menu, which reminded me of the old times when it was I who used to have to read the menu. It was such a great date that I couldn’t wait to the arrival of a second one. I paid the bill in advance and sent a letter to my son. But now, I am so sorry to him. I just want him to know that how much I love him wherever I am! 思考与建议思考与建议1.词汇教学和听说读写教学一样重要2.词汇学习预习很重要3.提供词汇积极的核心词很重要 Thank you ! 。